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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY 


Class  Book 

j=a.m 


Volume 


Ja  09-20M 


IN TOR  BR 


William  Ewabe  & Co.’s 


GRAND,  SQUARE  AND  UPRIGHT 


These  instruments  have  been  before  the  public  for  nearly  Thirty 
Years f and  upon  their  excellence  alone  attained  an  nnpurchnsed 
pre-eminence,  which  pronounces  them  unequalled.  Their  TONE  ■ 
combines  great  power,  sweetness  and  fine  singing  quality ;,.as  well  as  t 
great  purity  of  Intonation,  and  evenness  throughout  the  entire  scale. 
Their  TOUCH  is  pliant  and  elastic,  and  entirely  free  from  the  stiffness 
found  in  so  many  Pianos.  In  . 

they  are  unexcelled,  using  none  but  the  ve^  best  seasoned  m aterial 
the  large  capital  employed  in  our  business  enabling  us  to  keep  ap 
immense  stock  of  lumber,  &c.,  on  hand. 

All  our  Square  Pianos  have  our  new  Improved 
Overstrung  Scale  and  the  Agraffe  Treble, 


We  would  call  special  attention  to  our  late  improvements  in 


PATENTED  AUGUST  14,  1866, 


Which  bring  the  Piano  nearer  perfection  than  has  yet  been  attained. 

Every  Piano  Mly  warranted  for  Five  Years. 

WAEEKOOMS, 

650  6ROADWAY,  N.  Y., 

AND 

69  WASHINGTON  STREET,  CHICAGO,  ILLS. 

J.  BETTER  & CO., 

SOLE  AGENTS. 


MANUFACTUBEKS  AND  IMPOETEES  OF 

Musical  Instruments,  Strings, 

AND  EVEKY  DESCRIPTION  OP 


Musical  Merchandise. 


The  Allentown  Line 


NEW-YORK  TO  HARRISBURG 

AND  THE 

PENNSYLVANIA  COAL  REGIONS, 


VIA 


Central  Railroad  of  New-Jersey. 


WITH 

' ^ / L , 

SKETCHES  'OF  CITIES,  VILLAGES,  STATIONS,  SCENERY, 
AND  OBJECTS  OF  INTEREST  ALONG  THE  ROUTE. 


BY 

H.  F.  WALLING. 


ILLUSTRATED  WITH  MAPS. 


TAINTOI\  BROTHERS, 
678  Broadway,  New  York. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1867,  by 
Taintor  Brothbrs  & Co., 

la  the  Clerk’s  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  U.  S.  for  the  Southern  District  of  New-Yoik. 


HERRING’S  PATENT  CHAMPION 


251  BF^OADWAY,  NEW  YOI\K. 


More  than  30,000  Herring’s  Safes  have  been  sold,  and  over  500  tested 
in  accidental  fires.  Their  recent  great  triumphs  at  the  'Portland  Fire, 
Burning  of  the  Academy  of  3Iusic,  Barn  dm* s Museum, 
etc,  etc.,  have  again  and  again  demonstrated  them  to  be  the  most  reliable 
security  from  Fire  ever  manufactured. 

HERRING,  PARREL  & SHERMAN’S  NEW  PATENT  RANKERS’  SAFES. 

The  only  Safe  made  with  the  new  metal,  Spiegel  Fisen,  or  Patent  Crys- 
talized  Iron — harder  than  the  finest  steel,  and  will  cut  glass  like  a diamond. 

Dwelling-house  Safes  for  Silver  Plate.  Ladies*  Jjwelry,  Valuable 
Papers,  etc.;  Plain  and  Ornamental  Sideboard  Safes;  Pailor  Safes — made 
to  imitate  the  richest  styles  of  furniture ; Vault  Jtoors  ; Specie  Chests, 
Second-hand  Safes,  etc,,  of  other  makes  taken  in  exchange 
|V>/'  the  **  Herring,** 

HERRING,  FARREL  & SHERMAN,  N.  Y. 

FARREL,  HERRING  & CO.,  Philadelphia. 

HERRING  & CO.,  Chicago. 

HERRING,  FARREL  de  SHERMAN.  New  Orleans, 


^ AAi  \‘3 


Alburtis 

Allentown  . . . . . 
Allentown  Line 

Annville 

Asbury 

Avon 


N T E N T S . 


30 

27 

3 

36 

19 

35 


Freemansburg  . . 
Furnace 

Gouldsborough  . 
Greenville,  N.  J. 
Greenville,  Pa.. 


PAGE 

...25 

...68 


49 

II 

50 


Bayonne 12 

Belvidere 44 

Belvidere  Delaware  R.  R 43 

Bergen  Point 12 

Bethlehem 25 

Blandon 3^ 

Bloomsbury 20 

Bound  Brook 17 

Bowers 3° 


Catasauqua 68 

c-.^'^Central  R.  R.  of  New-Jersey 7 

^ ^ Centreville 12 

•Clinton... 18 

^ Cqal  Regions 4° 

y Columbia I". . . 45 

Communipaw  * 1 1 

W Coplay 68 

3 Cranberry  Marsh 60 

P Cranford 14 

W Delaware,  Lackawanna,  and  West- 

^ ernR.R 45 

Delaware  Station  . 45 

fyv  Delaware  Water  Gap  45 

jL>erry 3^ 

V Drake’s  Creek 61 

' V Dunning’s 49 

O 

% Easton 21 

' East  Penn.  R.  R 29 

^ Elizabeth 14 

■ Elizabethport 13 

Emaus ...  3° 


y 

o 


Fairview  . . 
Fleetwood, 


60 

30 


Harrisburg  — 

Henryville 

Hickory  Run  . 
High  Bridge. . 
Hokendauqua 
Hummelstown 
Hutchinson’s  . 


37 

48 

61 

19 

68 


36 

43 


Jersey  City. 9 

Junction  Station 19 


Lawry’s 67 

Lebanon,  N.  J 18 

Lebanon,  Pa 35 

Lebanon  Valley  R.  R 29 

Lehigh  and  Susquehanna  R.  R 54 

Lehigh  Gap 67 

Lehigh  Valley  R.  R 23  59 

Lehighton ....  66 

Lime  Ridge  25 

Lyons 3® 


Manunka  Chunk 44 

Martin’s  Creek 43 

Mauch  Chunk 62 

Mertztown  30 

Methods  of  Mining  Coal 69 

Mill  Creek 57 

Millers  town ....  30 

Minooka 55 

Moscow 49 

Myerstown  35 

Mud  Run 61 


Nescopec  Station 60 

New-Market 17 

Newport  Station 59 


ht  G 'i  G (o. 


4 


PAGE 

New-York 9 

North- Braiich 18 

Oakland 48 

Palmjrra 36 

Paradise 48 

Parryville 67 

Penn  Haven  Junction 62 

Philadelphia  and  Reading  R.  R. . . 29 

Phillipsburg 20 

Pittston 55 

Plainfield 15 

Pocono  Fork 48 

Prescott 35 


Somerville 

South  Wilkesbarre 

SpragueviUe 

Spring  Brook 

Springtown 

48 

Spruce  Run 

Stony  Creek 

Stroudsburg 

Sugar  Notch 

Swatara 

Tannery 

Temple 

Tobyhanna  

Top  ton 

Raritan 18 

Reading 31 

Reading  Railroad.  29 

Richland 35 

Robesonia 34 

Rockdale 67 

Rockport 61 

Roselle 14 

Roxbury 43 


Saltersville  . . . . 
Scotch  Plains . . 

Scranton 

Sharnrock 

Sheridan 

Siding 

Sinking  Spring 

Slateford 

Slatington  . . . . 


...  II 

...IS 
50  54 
...30 

•••35 

..  31 

••34 

•••45 


67 


Valley  Station 19 

Warrior  Run 59 

W ernersville 34 

Westfield 15 

White  Hall 67 

White  Haven 60 

Whitehouse 18 

Wilkesbarre 57 

Womelsdorf 34 

Yatesville 57 


Maps. 


New  York  to  Somerville 9 

Somerville  to  Easton 16 

Easton  to  Reading 24 

Reading  to  Harrisburg 3a 


The  Allentown  Line 


NEW-YORK  TO  HARRISBURG,  182  MILES. 

What  is  called  the  Allentown  Line^  from  New- York  to 
the  West,  is  composed  of  railways  controlled  by  three  dif- 
ferent companies,  namely  : The  Central.  Railroad  of  New- 
Jerseyy  extending  from  New-York  to  Easton,  75  miles  ; that 
portion  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  extending  from 
Easton  to  Allentown,  17  miles  ; the  East- Pennsylvania 
Railroad.,  extending  from  Allentown  to  Reading,  35  miles  ; 
and  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad.,  from  Reading  to  Harris- 
burg, 54  miles.  The  two  latter  are  controlled  by  the  Read- 
ing Railroad  Co?npany,  and  are  virtually  branches  of  that 
railroad. 

At  Harrisburg  the  line  connects  with  the  Pennsylvania 
Ce7ttral  Railroad  for  Pittsburg,  where  trains  connect  with 
the  Pittsburg.,  Fort  Wayne,  and  Chicago  Railroad  direct 
to  Chicago.  Diverging  lines  connect  with  Clevela^td,  Co- 
lumbus, Cincinnati,  Indianapolis,  St:  Louis,  and  all  West- 
ern cities  and  towns. 

By  consulting  any  accurate  map  of  the  country,  it  will  be 
seen  that  this  route  is  the  shortest  and  most  direct  route 
from  the  metropolis  of  the  nation  to  the  great  West. 

A unique  and  splendid  line  of  sleeping-cars  run  through 
from  New-York  to  Chicago  on  this  line  without  changing. 
These  are  known  as  the  silver-palace  cars,  on  account 
of  their  magnificence  and  the  peculiar  character  of  their  in- 
ternal trimmings,  where  all  the  metallic  portions  are  hand- 


6 


somely  silver-plated.  All  the  conveniences  and  appoint- 
ments of  these  cars  are  of  the  most  luxurious  and  comfort- 
able description.  The  railroads  over  which  they  run  are 
among  the  most  substantial  and  well  managed  in  the  coun- 
try, and  the  trains  are  run  with  suclvregularity  and  certain- 
ty that  delays  beyond  the  time  allotted  for  the  running  of 
the  trains  are  of  very  rare  occurrence. 

This  route  has  become,  and  can  not  fail  to  continue,  a fa- 
vorite and  highly  popular  route  to  the  West.  Besides  be- 
ing considerably  shorter  than  any  other  route  to  the  great 
Western  cities,  the  picturesque  attractiveness  and  varied 
beauty  of  its  scenery  are  unrivaled. 

From  various  points  in  Pennsylvania,  railroads  diverge 
to  the  different  Coal  regions  of  that  State,  to  which  it  affords 
the  most  direct  and  pleasant  route.  In  connection  with 
the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  Railroad  from  Harrisburg,  it 
forms  the  shortest  route  to  the  Oil  regions  of  Pennsylvania. 

From  Pittsburg  the  Oil  and  Bituminous  Coal  regions  of 
West- Virginia  and  Ohio  are  conveniently  reached  by  differ- 
ent railroad  routes,  or  by  steamboat  down  the  Ohio  River. 

For  the  great  agricultural  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illi- 
nois, Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas,  and 
Nebraska,  as  well  as  for  the  more  distant  great  interior 
mineral  region  soon  to  be  rendered  accessible  and  popu- 
lous by  the  Pacific  .Railroad,  the  Allentown  route  is  the 
most  central,  direct,  and  shortest  route. 


Central  Railroad  of  New-Jersey. 

NEW- YORK  TO  EASTON,  75  MILES. 


This  important  railroad  traverses  the 
State  of  New-Jersey  from  New- York, 
almost  directly  west  in  its  general  di- 
rection, to  Easton,  on  the  Delaware  riv- 
er, passing  through  some  of  the  finest 
agricultural  portions  of  the  State. 

Crossing,  in  a diagonal  direction,  the 
ridges  and  valley  of  the  Appalachian 
System,  here  quite  smooth  and  gentle 
in  their  general  character,  a series  of 
fine  views  is  obtained  in  passing  over 
the  road,  which  are  seldom  surpassed 
for  rural  and  pastoral  beauty. 

It  is  the  great  trunk  railroad  to  all 
the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Regions^  and 
to  the  great  iron  furnaces  and  manu- 
factories in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
State. 

At  New-Hampton  it  connects  with 
the  Delaware^  Lackawanna^  and 
Western  Railroad^oxiendlmg  northerly 
through  the  Delaware  Water  Gap  to 
Scranton,  in  the  midst  of  the  great 
Lackawanna  Coal  Region,  and  thence 
to  Great  Bend,  on  the  Erie  Railway. 

At  Phillipsburg,  opposite  Easton,  it 
crosses  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Rail- 
road, which  extends  up  and  down  the 
Delaware  River,  connecting  Philadel- 
phia with  the  Water  Gap  and  the  Coal 
regions. 

At  Easton  it  connects  with  the  Le- 
high V alley  Railroad,  communicating 
with  aU  the  Lehigh  Coal  Mines,  the 
newly  opened  and  largely  productive 
mines  of  the  Mahanoy  Region,  and 
with  the  Wyoming  Region  at  Wilkes-  ' 


barre.  This  road  also  forms  a portion 
of  a quite'  direct  and  pleasant  route  to 
the  West,  by  the  Quakake  and  Cata- 
wissa  Railroads  to  Milton  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna, thence  by  the  Philadelphia 
and  Erie  Railroad  through  Williams- 
port to  Erie,  Pa.,  where  it  connects 
with  the  Lake  Shore  Road  to  Cleve- 
land, etc. 

An  extension  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 
road  is  about  to  be  constructed  from 
Wilkesbarre,  its  present  termination, 
up  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  to  Waverly,  on  the  Erie 
Railway — thus  completing  another 
through  line  to  the  West. 

The  shortest  and  most  direct  through 
line,  however,  is  that  now  formed  by 
the  connection  at  Allentown  with  the 
Reading  Railroad  branches  to  Reading 
and  Harrisburg,  and  thence  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  its  connec- 
tions to  Pittsburg  and  the  West. 

The  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna  Rail- 
road, now  nearly  completed  to  Easton, 
will  form  another  communication  to 
the  same  region,  running  in  the  same 
valley  side  by  side  with  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  for  almost  the  entire 
distance. 

A connection  for  coal  transportation 
is  proposed,  by  building  an  independent 
railroad  between  the  Central  Railroad 
of  New-Jersey  at  Easton  and  the  East- 
Pennsylvania  Branch  at  Allentown 
Junction,  17  miles.  This  would  ena- 
ble the  Schuylkill  Coal  Region  to  send 


NEW  YORK  TO  f^OMERVILLE 


9 


its  coal  directly  to  New- York  in  com- 
petition with  the  Lehigh  and  other  re- 
gions, which  is  now  prevented  on  ac- 
count of  the  adverse  interests  of  the 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  which  is  in 
harmony  with  those  of  the  Leliigh 
mines,  and  therefore  opposed  to  any 
competition. 


NEW-YORK. 

The  New-York  passenger  and  freight 
station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New- 
Jersey  is  on  West  street,  at  the  foot  of 
Liberty  street,  the  ferry  slip  being  at 
Pier  No.  15,  North  River.  Horse- 
cars  run  up  and  down  West  street, 
connecting  at  South  Ferry  with  the 
east  side  cars,  and  thus  with  all  the 
ferries  around  the  city ; also,  by  the 
across-iown  routes,  with  the  entire 
system  of  city  railroads.  Omnibuses 
run  up  and  down  Broadway,  crossing 
Liberty  street  a few  hundred  feet  from 
the  station,  to  Forty-second  street ; 
to  the  Harlem  and  New- Haven  Rail- 
road stations  on  Fourth  avenue;  to 
Greenpoint  Ferry,  foot  of  Tenth  street ; 
to  the  Hudson  River  station,  near 
Tenth  avenue  ; and  through  Twenty- 
third  street  and  Madison  avenue  to 
Fortieth  street.  From  Cortlandt  street 
ferry,  one  block  above  the  station, 
omnibuses  run  to  the  Williamsburg 
(Brooklyn,  E.  D.)  Ferry,  at  the  foot 
of  Houston  street.  For  full  particu- 
lars 0/  all  the  ferries,  city  railroads, 
omnibuses,  etc.,  see  Walling's  New- 
York  City  Guide,  accompanying  this 
series. 

After  purchasing  his  ticket  at  the 
ferry  entrance,  the  passenger  takes  his 
seat  in  one  of  the  magnificent  ferry- 
boats of  this  line,  much  the  largest  in 
this  country,  and  probably  the  largest 
in  the  world,  and,  in  less  than  fifteen 
oiinutes  after  leaving  the  ferry  slip  on 


I the  New-York  side,  the  boat  has 
I crossed  the  river,  landed  its  passen- 
gers and  baggage,  they  are  trans- 
ferred to  the  spacious  and  comfortable 
cars,  and  in  motion  toward  their  desti- 
nation in  New- Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
or  States  further  west.  Passengers 
may  go  to  Pittsburg  without  change 
of  cars. 

JERSEY  CITY. 

Htidson  Co.,  N.  y. 

1 m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  181. 

This  important  suburb  of  New-York 
is  situated  opposite  New-York  City,  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson  or  North 
River,  at  its  entrance  into  New-York 
Bay.  The  river  here  is  about  a mile 
in  width  ; but  its  expansion  into  New- 
York  Bay,  below  the  city,  gives  the 
latter  a water-front  on  the  south  as 
well  as  the  east.  The  extension  of  the 
Central  Railroad  from  Elizabeth  was 
located  a few  hundred  feet  south  of 
this  south  front,  and  the  space  between, 
now  called  Communipaw  Cove,  is  to , 
be  filled  up.  This  will  become  very 
valuable  ground  for  business  purposes, 
being  located  upon  the  harbor  of  the 
great  metropolis,  in  its  busiest  and! 
most  central  portion. 

The  railroad  station  and  freight  de- 
pots are  in  the  south-east  angle  of  this  ; 
new  portion  of  Jersey  City,  occupying 
ample  grounds,  and  have  been  built  . 
on  a grand  and  capacious  scale,  with 


10 


a sag:acIous  foresight  of  the  rapidly- 
increasing  business  of  this  great  tho- 
roughfare to  the  West. 

Jersey  City  is  about  two  miles  in 
length,  from  north  to  south,  and  a little 
more  than  a mile  in  width.  The  city 
of  Hoboken  bounds  it  on  the  north, 
and  on  the  west  are  Hudson  City  and 
Bergen.  It  is  nearly  level,  extending 
back  to  the  foot  of  the  bluff  which 
forms  the  southern  part  of  the  ridge 
of  trap-rock,  whose  exposed  walls, 
forming  the  right  bank  of  the  Hudson 
for  nearly  twenty  miles  above,  are 
known  as  the  Palisades.  The  water- 
front of  the  city  is  over  three  miles  in 
extent,  two  of  which  are  directly  op- 
posite the  most  valuable  water  front- 
of  New- York  City,  the  remainder 
fronting  south,  as  already  stated. 

The  streets  are  broad,  handsome, 
and  regularly  laid  out,  crossing  each 
other  at  right  angles.  They  are  light- 
ed with  gas,  and  supplied  with  water 
by  an  aqueduct  from  the  Passaic 
River,  seven  miles  distant.  The  re- 
servoir is  on  Bergen  Hill,  two  miles 
west.  The  city  contains  twenty-two 
churdhes,  several  seminaries  and  pub- 
lic schools  of  unusual  excellence,  three 
banks,  two  savings  institutions,  three 
insurance  companies,  three  daily  news- 
papers, and  many  elegant  private  resi- 
dences. The  business  of  the  city  is 
large,  and  rapidly  increasing.  Here 
are  manufactories  of  glass,  black  lead, 
pottery  and  porcelain  ware,  besides 
several  extensive  iron-foundries  and 
machine-shops.  Its  position  is  extra- 
ordinarily advantageous,  being  the  ini- 
tial point  of  important  lines  of  railw-ay, 
diverging  from  the  great  metropolis  of 
the  country,  and,  by  their  connections, 
bringing  in  the  trade  of  nearly  the 
whole  United  States,  and  of  steamers 


sailing  both  to  foreign  and  domestic 
ports.  It  is  evidently  destined  to  be- 
come one  of  the  most  important  com- 
mercial cities  of  the  Union.  It  is  the 
eastern  terminus  of  three  important 
railroads — the  New-Jersey  Railroad, 
leading  to  Philadelphia  ; the  Central 
Railroad  of  New-Jersey,  passing 
across  the  State  ; and  the  Erie  Rail- 
way, running  north-west.  Besides 
these  railroads,  the  Morris  Canal,  loi 
miles  in  length,  forms  another  avenue 
of  communication  between  the  Hudson 
and  the  Delaware  Rivers.  This  canal 
has  a large  basin  for  its  numerous 
boats  immediately  north  of  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  depot.  The  Cunard 
Royal  Mail  Steamship  Company  have 
their  wharves  and  storehouses  here. 
The  present  population  is  about  40,000. 


Leaving  Jersey  City,  a fine  view  is 
obtained,  on  the  left,  of  the  entire  bay 
and  its  surroundings,  comprising  a 
scene  of  natural  beauty  and  of  busy 
activity  unparalleled  in  the  country. 
The  great  cities  of  New- York  and 
Brooklyn  spread  themselves  out  for 
miles  on  the  east  and  south-east,  with 
their  enormous  stores  lining  the 
wharves,  at  which  are  moored  ships 
loaded  with  the  commerce  of  the  world. 
Further  south  we  see  the  “ Narrows,’* 
or  entrance  into  the  magnificent  har- 
bor, between  Long  Island  on  the  left 
and  Staten  Island  on  the  right,  the 
shores  on  either  side  being  studded 
with  the  elegant  mansions  of  the  mer- 
chant-princes of  the  great  city.  Forts 
Lafayette  and  Hamilton,  on  the  Long 
Island  Side,  and  Fort  Tompkins,  on 
the  Staten  Island  side,  with  their 
frowning  walls  and  bristling  cannons,'^ 
protect  this  entrance  from  the  inva- 


II 


■ions  of  hostile  fleets,  being  supplied 
with  ordnance  sufficiently  powerful  to 
speedily  sink  the  most  powerful  iron- 
clad that  floats.  Besides  these  power- 
ful forts,  we  see,  in  the  immediate  vici- 
nity, fortifications  on  Governor’s  Is- 
land, with  Castle  William  on  its  near- 
est angle,  and  those  on  Bedloe’s  and 
Ellis’s  Islands,  the  latter  and  nearest 
being  the  place  where  pirates  and  other 
criminals  convicted  in  the  United 
States  national  courts  are  executed. 
Here  the  pirate  Gibbs  was  hung. 

COMMTJNIPAW. 

Bergen^  Hudson  Co.^  H.  y, 

2  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg^  180. 

This  name  applies  to  that  portion  of 
the  town  of  Bergen  lying  along  the 
shore  of  the  bay.  The  readers  of 
Dietrich  Knickerbocker’s  celebrated 
History  of  New-York  will  remember 
the  quaint  description  of  it  given  in 
that  humorous  work.  Immense  abba- 
toirs  or  slaughter-houses  have  been 
erected  here,  where  cattle  are  killed 
in  a skillful  and  scientific  manner,  with 
the  least  possible  pain  to  the  animal. 
A quick  though  slight  stroke  of  a sharp 
lance  penetrates  the  base  of  the  brain, 
causing  instantaneous  death.  If,  as 
sometimes  happens,  the  blow  is  un- 
skillfully  directed,  the  animal  scarcely 
notices  the  blow,  showing  that  it  is 
nearly  painless.  The  whole  system 
here  maintained,  of  converting  living 
animals  into  food,  is  far  in  advance  of 
the  ordinary  brutal  methods  of  slaugh- 
tering, both  in  this  respect  and  in 
cleanliness  and  in  avoidance  of  offen- 
sive smells  and  the  vitiation  of  the  air 
in  the  neighborhood. 


CLAREMONT. 

Bergen,  Hudson  Co.,  N.  f. 

3 m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrishirg,  179. 

A suburban  village,  at  the  southern 

limit  of  Bergen  township.  Its  resi- 
dents are  principally  New-York  mer- 
chants and  business  men,  who  have 
chosen  this  location  on  account  of  its 
convenient  proximity  to  the  great  city, 

GREENVILLE. 

Greefiville,  Hudson  Co.,  N.  f. 

4 m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  178. 

This  is  the  station  for  the  township 

of  the  same  name  stretching  across  the 
peninsula  which  forms  the  southern 
part  of  Hudson  county,  and  bounded 
by  the  townships  Bergen  on  the  north 
and  Bayonne  on  the  south.  Soon 
after  entering  the  township,  the  rail- 
way crosses  the  Morris  Canal,  which 
then  runs  between  it  and  New-York 
Bay  as  far  as  the  southerly  corner  of 
the  township,  and  then  makes  a sharp 
bend  to  the  north-west,  forming  the 
line  between  Greenville  and  Bayonne. 

The  New-York  Bay  Cemetery  occu- 
pies a handsome  location  in  the  east- 
ern part  of  the  township,  being  on  the 
height  of  the  land,  and  sloping  gradu- 
ally toward  the  water.  Fine  views  of 
the  bay,  with  its  beautiful  surround- 
ings, are  obtained  from  all  parts  of  its 
grounds.  A steamboat  wharf  and  a 
plank-road  afford  access  to  it,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  railroad  facilities.  The 
entire  town  is  interspersed  with  beau- 
tiful villas  and  country-seats. 

SALTERSVILLE, 

Bayonne,  Hudson  Co.,  N.  f., 

5 m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  177, 
Derives  its  name  from  the  owners  of 


12 


property  in  the  vicinity.  The  penin- 
sula is  less  than  a mile  in  width  here. 
Fine  residences  are  abundant.  Just 
before  reaching  the  station,  a fine  view 
is  had,  down  the  bay,  of  the  Narrows, 
with  the  highlands  6n  either  side. 
The  forts  commanding  the  entrance 
are  now  in  full  view. 

BAYONNE. 

Bayonn£,  Hudson  Co.^  N.  y. 

6 m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg^  176. 

This  station  is  nearest  to  the  centre 

village  of  the  township,  whose  extreme 
length,  from  north  to  south,  is  about 
four  miles.  The  entire  township  is 
regularly  laid  out,  with  streets  extend- 
ing across  from  Newark  Bay  on  the 
west,  to  New- York  Bay  on  the  east, 
and  with  long,  wide  avenues  crossing 
them  at  right  angles,  and  running 
nearly  parallel  with  the  shore  of  New- 
ark Bay.  The  new  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  of  Bayonne,  near  the  station, 
is  a handsome  edifice. 

CENTBEVILLE. 

Bayonne,  Hudson  Co.,  N.  y. 

7 m.Jr.  N.  V.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  175. 

A village  of  considerable  size,  and, 

like  the  others  upon  this  peninsula, 
the  result  of  the  rapid  growth  and 
prosperity  of  New- York.  Much 
wealth  and  taste  are  displayed  in  the 
erection  of  residences,  and  the  fine 
views,  pleasant  lawns,  and  other  rural 
surroundings  contrast  strongly  with  the 
dust  and  bustle  of  the  metropolis,  and 
suggest  to  the  mind  the  comfort  and 
enjoyment  that  must  here  follow  the 
exciting  and  harassing  cares  of  busi- 
ness life.  On  the  left  is  Port  John- 
ston and  three  immense  coal-wharves 
of  this  railroad,  which,  in  addition  to 
those  at  Ellzabethport,  afford  accom- 


modations unexcelled  in  extent  and 
convenience  in  the  country. 

BEEGEN  POINT. 

Bayonne,  Hudson  Co.,  N.  y. 

8  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  174. 

In  geographical  position,  the  penin- 
sula, of  which  Bergen  Point  is  the 
southern  extremity,  sustains  a similar 
relation  to  the  adjacent  portions  of  the 
State  of  New- Jersey  that  the  island 
of  Manhattan  does  to  New- York.  It 
forms  the  southern  extremity  of  Hud- 
son county,  between  Newark  Bay  and 
the  Kills,  and  is,  on  some  accounts,  a 
more  desirable  place  of  residence  for 
New- York  business  men  than  other 
portions  of  the  peninsula. 

A passenger  railroad  with  “ dufn~ 
my  ” cars  extends  the  whole  length  of 
the  peninsula  from  north  to  south,  and 
connects  in  Bergen  township  with  the 
horse  railroad  to  Jersey  City.  At  the 
terminus  of  this  railroad,  on  the  Kill 
Von  Kull,  the  steamboats  running  to 
the  north  side  of  Staten  Island,  to 
Ellzabethport,  and  to  Newark  land 
passengers.  In  all,  including  the  trains 
of  the  Central  Railroad,  there  are 
some  fifty  or  sixty  communications 
per  day  with  New- York  City.  Many 
of  the  wide  avenues  and  streets  with 
which  the  whole  township  of  Bayonne 
is  laid  off  are  being  rendered  more  at- 
titactive  by  lining  them  with  shade- 
trees. 

The  finest  residences  extend  for  sev- 
eral miles  along  the  water-front,  upon 
the  kreet  that  runs  parallel  with  the 
Kill  Von  Kull,  and  also  upon  the 
avenue  parallel  to  Newark  Bay. 
Here  are  a number  of  neat  churches 
with  cozy  parsonages  attached.  Near- 
ly in  the  centre  of  the  peninsula  is  an 
open  space  of  ground,  called  “The 


13 


Hill,”  which  presents  some  fine  sites 
for  villas,  and  it  is  not  likely  to  remain 
long  unoccupied.  The  view  from  this 
point  is  very  attractive.  To  the  east 
and  north-east,  in  the  distance,  can  be 
seen  the  great  cities  of  New- York  and 
Brooklyn,  with  their  towers  and  ship- 
ping, and  the  waters  of  the  Bay  cover- 
ed with  the  sails  of  the  vessels  of  all 
nations.  Between  the  point  and 
Staten  Island  winds  the  Kill  Von 
Kull.  Toward  the  west  the  eye  stretch- 
es across  the  broad  expanse  of  New- 
ark Bay,  with  the  wide  salt  marshes 
beyond.  To  the  north-west,  some  six 
miles  distant,  may  be  seen  the  city  of 
New’ark,  with  its  hundred  church- 
spires  and  numerous  chimneys,  while 
about  five  miles  directly  west  is  the 
city  of  Elizabeth,  also  in  full  view. 
Behind  these  cities  the  blue  hills  of 
New- Jersey  bound  the  horizon,  grad- 
ually fading  into  the  sky  and  clouds. 
On  the  north  there  is  an  extended 
view  up  Newark  Bay;  and  Eagle  Rock 
is  seen  beyond  it,  a landmark  to  many 
a sailor,  with  the  county  almshouse 
at  its  base.  The  broad  expanse  of  va- 
ried landscape,  iftcluding  hill  and 
plain,  land  and  water,  city  and  coun- 
try, forms  a most  beautiful  panorama, 
sweeping  entirely  around  this  slight 
but  commanding  elevation. 

From  Bergen  Point  we  proceed 
westward  across  Newark  Bay  upon  a 
pile  bridge,  nine  thousand  feet,  or  more 
than  a mile  and  a half  in  length,  af- 
fording a fine  view  north  and  south. 
The  pivot  draw-bridge  of  iron  spans 
two  openings  of  seventy-five  feet  each 
in  the  clear,  and  rests  upon  a circular 
pier  of  solid  masonry. 

This  pier  was  built  by  Sidney,  Dil- 
lon & Co.,  at  a cost  of  ^^34,000,  and  a 
brief  account  of  the  manner  in  which 


it  was  done  may  interest  the  reader. 
The  foundation  was  prepared  by  driv 
ing  piles  close  together  in  the  bottom 
of  the  bay.  After  driving  them  as  far 
as  they  would  go,  they  were  sawed 
off  thirty-five  feet  below  the  surface  of 
the  water,  level  with  the  muddy  bot- 
tom, by  an  ingenious  arrangement  of 
machinery,  leaving  a perfectly  level 
surface.  The  pier  of  masonry  was 
then  built  upon  a wooden  platform 
surrounded  by  a wooden  caisson,  which 
buoyed  up  the  masonry  so  that  it  could 
be  constructed  without  the  interference 
of  the  aqueous  element.  The  whole 
was  kept  in  position  by  guide  piles, 
and  supported  by  screws  passing  down 
to  the  foundation.  As  the  masonry 
advanced  and  the  weight  increased,  it 
was  lowered  gradually  by  turning  the 
screws,  until  it  finally  rested  upon 
the  foundations  prepared  for  it.  The 
screws,  caisson,  and  other  apparatus 
were  then  removed,  and  loose  stones 
piled  about  the  bottom  of  the  pier. 
On  the  right,  as  you  approach  the 
draw-bridge,  at  intervals  of  five  hun- 
dred feet,  are  painted  signs  indicating 
the  distance. 

Immediately  after  crossing  the  Bay 
to  the  main-land,  you  find  yourself  in 

ELIZABETHPORT, 

Elizabeth^  Unioft  Co.y  N.  y., 

9 m./r.  N.  V.  Fr.  Harrishurgy  173, 
Is  within  the  corporate  limits  of  the 
city  of  Elizabeth.  Until  within  a few 
years  it  was  the  eastern  terminus  of 
the  Central  Railway ; but  the  necessi- 
ties of  business  and  the  increased 
prosperity  of  the  company  led  to  the 
extension  of  the  road  to  New-York.  It 
is  situated  on  Staten  Island  Sound,  or 
the  Kill  Von  Kull,  near  its  junction 
with  Newark  Bay,  ten  miles  from 


14 


New- York.  It  is  accessible  for  ves- 
sels of  300  tons  burden,  and  is  an 
important  business  centre.  Its  water- 
front is  lined  with  wharves,  from  which 
immense  quantities  of  iron,  coal,  and 
lumber  are  shipped  to  eastern  ports. 
More  coal  is  shipped  from  here,  pro- 
bably, than  from  any  port  in  the  coun- 
try. Here  is  a large  manufacturing 
business,  there  being  a number  of 
foundries,  a wheel  factory,  and  an  ex- 
tensive rope-walk,  besides  other  estab- 
lishments of  less  importance.  The 
village  contains  five  or  six  churches 
and  many  fine  residences,  is  regularly 
laid  out,  and  rapidly  increasing. 

ELIZABETH. 

Elizabeth^  Union  Co.y  N,  y. 

13  m.  fr.  N,  Y,  Fr.  H arrisburg",  169 
Hotel — The  A merican  House. 

The  city  of  Elizabeth,  upon  Eliza- 
bethtown Creek,  two  miles  from  its 
entrance  into  Staten  Island  Sound, 
was  once  the  capital  and  chief  town  of 
New- Jersey.  It  is  still  the  capital  of 
Union  county,  and  a favorite  residence 
of  many  merchants  and  others  doing 
business  in  New- York.  It  is  one  of 
the  older  towns  of  the  State,  its  settle- 
ment dating  back  to  1664.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1739,  and  long  bore  the 
name  of  the  “ Old  Borough.'*'*  Gover- 
nor Carteret  made  it  the  place  of  his 
residence.  It  has  a pleasant  situation 
on  elevated  ground,  and  is  regularly 
.aid  out  with  broad,  straight  streets, 
finely  shaded,  and  intersecting  at  right 
angles.  It  bears  an  honorable  record 
for  its  patriotism  and  zeal  during  the 
Revolution,  having  furnished  to  the 
patriot  forces  under  Washington  a 
large  number  of  volunteers,  who  ex- 
hibited the  loftiest  spirit  of  self-sacri- 


fice. General  Winfield  Scott  had  a 
residence  here  during  his  later  years. 

Elizabeth  contains  numerous  church- 
es, several  banks,  and  a number  of 
English  and  classical  schools  of  high 
reputation.  Although  not  noted  for 
the  extent  of  its  manufactures,  it  ha? 
three  estabKsfiments  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  oil-cloths,  which  are  the  largest  * 
in  the  world.  The  College  of  New- 
Jersey  was  founded  here  in  1746,  the 
Rev.  Jonathan  Dickinson  being  it? 
first  President.  This  institqtion  was 
afterward  removed  to  Newark,  and 
thence  to  Princeton,  where  it  enjoys  a 
great  degree  of  prosperity.  This  city 
has  long  been  noted  for  its  education- 
al advantages,  and  for  its  intelligent 
and  refined  society.  It  is  rapidly  be- 
ing built  up  with  beautiful  dwelling 
and  country-seats,  and  is  becoming 
very  populous  and  wealthy. 

Here  the  Central  Railway  intersects 
the  New- Jersey  Railway,  running  to 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  the 
South.  Previous  to  the  completion 
of  the  independent  extension  of  the 
Central  Railroad  to  New  York,  pas- 
sengers were  conveyed  over  this  road 
through  Newark  to  its  station  in  Jer- 
sey City. 

ROSELLE. 

Union^  Union  Co..,  N.  y. 
\3m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  HarrisVg,  167. 

Here  a large  tract  of  ground  has 
been  laid  out  for  suburban  residences. 

It  is  slightly  undulating,  somewhat  j'^ 
elevated,  contains  many  fine  building 
sites,  and  is  destined  to  become  a first- 
class  suburban  town. 

CRANEFORD. 

Westfield,  Union  Co.,  N,  y. 

17  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisb'g,l^S. 

A pleasant  village  on  the  Rahw'ay 


River.  It  contains  a woolen  factory,  a 
store,  and  a Presbyterian  church. 

WESTFIELD, 

Westfield,  Union  Co.,  JST. 

1, 19  m./r.  N.  V.  Fr.  HarrisFg‘,lQ3, 
Is  a flourishing  town,  containing  more 
than  2000  inhabitants.  The  surface  of 
the  township  is  generally  quite  level. 
Running  parallel  with  the  stream 
which  forms  its  north-westerly  boun- 
dary is  a ridge,  the  continuation  of  the 
Orange  Mountain  and  the  first  or  most 
easterly  of  the  series  of  parallel  ridges 
which  make  up  the  great  Appalachian 
range,  forming  so  remarkable  a feature 
of  ^e  topography  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  United  States.  The  traveler 
who  visits  the  coal-fields  of  Pennsyl- 
vania will  have  an  opportunity  to  be- 
come acquainted,  by  actual  observa- 
tion, with  many  curious  and  interest- 
ing facts  relating  to  the  structure  of 
these  mountains. 

Westfield  has  a Presbyterian  and  a 
Methodist  church,  an  academy,  seve- 
ral stores,  and  many  handsome  resi- 
dences. It  has  recently  taken  a fresh 
start  in  growth,  and  promises  to  be- 
come a rich  and  prosperous  borough. 

SCOTCH  PLAINS, 

Westfield,  Union  Co.,  N.  y., 

22  m./r.  FT.  V.  Fr.  HarrisFg,\QOy 
Is  a suburban  village,  containing  a 
Baptist  church,  several  stores  and 
mills,  and  about  one  hundred  dwell- 
ings. It  is  a favorite  resort  with  many 
during  the  summer  months,  and  has 
many  fine  building  sites.  Its  situation 
is  about  a mile  north-west  from  the 
station  at  the  foot  and  on  the  south- 
•“east  slope  of  the  ridge  already  men- 
^ tioned.  Green  Brook,  a beautiful 
stream  affording  considerable  water- 


power, emerges  from  the  valley  be* 
yond  this  ridge  through  a gap  in  it, 
just  north  of  this  village. 

Feltville  is  about  two  miles  above, 
on  this  stream,  and  contains  a paper- 
mill,  Presbyterian  church,  etc. 

PLAINFIELD. 

Plainfield,  Union  Co.,  N.  /. 

24  m.  fr.  N.  V.  Fr.  HarrisFg,  158. 

A large,  populous,  and  thriving  vil- 
lage in  the  township  of  the  same  name, 
being  the  south-west  township  in 
Union  county.  Green  Brook  forms 
the  boundary  between  this  county  and 
Somerset,  and  runs  immediately  north- 
west of  the  village.  On  the  other  side 
of  the  brook  is  the  mountain  ridge 
already  mentioned.  As  at  Scotch 
Plains,  there  is  a gap  through  the 
ridge  in  the  rear  of  the  village,  through 
which  Stony  Brook,  a branch  of  Green 
Brook,  finds  its  way.  The  country 
around  Plainfield  is  level  and  very 
fertile,  and  much  attention  is  being  at- 
tracted toward  it  as  an  advantageous 
location  for  suburban  residences.  The 
slopes  of  the  mountain  afford  most 
beautiful  building  sites,  commanding 
magnificent  views.  There  are  seven 
or  eight  churches  here  belonging  to 
the  Baptists,  Methodists,  Presbyteri- 
ans, Friends,  and  Seventh  Day  Bap- 
tists. There  are  also  two  boarding- 
schools,  a bank,  and  several  hat  manu- 
factories. The  Opheleton  Seminary 
for  young  ladies  is  a favorite  institu- 
tion, and  the  pleasant  climate  and 
other  attractions  make  it  a popular 
resort  in  summer,  when  its  population 
is  estimated  to  be  nearly  five  thousand. 

After  leaving  Plainfield  the  tourist 
should  keep  a look-out  for  Washings 
ion  Rock  on  the  right  hand,  near  the 
top  of  the  ridge  or  range  of  hills  to  the 


SOMERVILLE  TO  EASTON 


north.  From  this  point  General 
Washington,  when  hard  pressed  by 
Cornwallis,  was  in  the  habit  of  ob- 
serving the  movements  of  the  enemy. 
The  view  from  this  lofty  crag  is  one  of 
the  most  extended  that  can  be  obtained 
in  the  whole  State.  This  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  this  is  the  most  eastern  of  all 
the  numerous  ridges  which  make  up 
the  Appalachian  system,  and  conse- 
quently no  intervening  range  intercepts 
the  view  to  the  east.  Rahway,  Perth 
Amboy,  Elizabeth,  and  Newark,  and, 
on  a clear  day,  the  towers  and  shipping 
of  New- York  itself,  may  be  seen  from 
this  elevated  point.  It  may  assist  the 
traveler  in  directing  his  eye  Ito  the  lo- 
cality to  observe  that  it  is  directly  op- 
posite a point  on  the  railroad  about 
two  miles  beyond  Plainfield,  and  that 
a considerable  clearing  has  been  made 
about  it,  making  it  distinctly  visible 
from  the  cars.  A hotel  may  also  be 
seen  quite  near  it. 

NEW-MARKET. 

Piscataway^  Middlesex  Co.,  N".  y. 
21  m.  fr.  N.  Y,  Fr.  HarrisFg,  155. 

The  village  lies  nearly  a mile  south 
of  the  station,  and  has-  a Baptist 
church,  an  academy,  a seminary,  a 
hotel,  two  stores,  several  carriage  man- 
ufactories, a tannery,  grist-mill,  oakum 
factory,  etc. 

Campville  and  Brooklyn  are  small 
villages,  the  former  one  mile  and  the 
latter  two  miles  east  of  New- Market. 
About  six  miles  south-east,  the  New- 
Jersey  Railroad  from  New- York  to 
Philadelphia  passes  through  the  town 
of  Piscataway.  After  leaving  New- 
Market  the  route  bends  around  and 
runs  almost  directly  west. 


BOUND  BROOK. 

Bridgewater,  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J. 
3\  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  HarrisPg,  151. 

The  name  of  this  village  is  derived 
from  the  Green  Brook,  or  Bound 
Brook,  as  it  is  sometimes  called,  which 
forms  .the  boundary  for  eight  or  ten 
miles  between  the  counties  of  Somer- 
set on  one  side,  and  Union  and  Mid- 
dlesex on  the  other.  It  here  empties 
into  the  Raritan  River,  which,  after 
running  some  fifteen  or  twenty  miles 
toward  the  north-east,  here  bends 
around  to  the  south-east,  and  passing 
through  the  city  of  New-Brunswick. 
six  miles  distant,  empties  into  Raritan 
Sound  at  Amboy,  some  twelve  miles 
east  of  New-Brunswick.  It  contains 
a church,  an  academy,  and  numerous 
stores. 

The  upper  part  of  the  village  is 
called  Middlebrook.  This  is  an  old 
town.  We  here  come  upon  the  valley 
of  the  Raritan,  running  very  close  to 
the  river  and  to  the  Delaware  and 
Raritan  Canal 

SOMERVILLE, 

Bridgewater,  Somerset  Co.,  N.  f., 
36  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisb'g,\^S, 
On  the  north  bank  of  the  Raritan 
River,  is  the  capital  of  Somerset  coun- 
ty, and  a very  flourishing  village.  It. 
contains  some  thirty  stores,  five  church- 
es, two  banks,  and  two  newspaper 
offices.  It  owes  its  prosperity  chiefly 
to  its  fine  location  and  the  facilities  it 
affords  for  the  disposal  of  produce. 
Here  the  South  Branch  Railroad  di- 
verges to  Flemmgton,  where  it  meets 
a branch  of  the  Belvidere  Delaware 
Railroad,  extending  to  Lambertville, 
sixteen  miles  above  Trenton,  on  the 
Delaware  River.  This  branch  affords 


convenient  access  from  this  region  to 
Philadelphia. 

Somerville  is  tastefhlly  laid  out  with 
handsome  streets  and  buildings.  The 
drives  about  it  are  very  pleasant,  es- 
pecially for  several  miles  along  the 
banks  of  the  Raritan  River.  A charm- 
ing view  is  obtained,  from  the  moun- 
tain on  the  north,  of  the  beautiful  val- 
ley, the  winding  river,  and  the  town 
with  its  church-spires  and  pleasant 
residences.  Copper  ore  has  been 
found  in  several  localities  in  the  moun- 
tains near  here. 

EARITAN. 

Bridgewater^  Somerset  Co,,  N.  y. 
37  m./r.  N.  V.  Fr,  Harris6*g, 

A manufacturing  village  on  the  Ra- 
ritan River,  about  a mile  west  of  So- 
merville, with  which  it  is  so  connected 
as  to  form  one  continuous  village.  It 
has  manufactories  of  cloth  and  car- 
riages, and  several  machine-shops  and 
grist-mills,  and  a population  of  about 
looo.  Here  is  a fine  water-power,  the 
water  being  brought  from  the  Raritan 
River  through  a canal  three  miles  long, 
which  might  be  made  available  to 
drive  a larger  amount  of  machinery, 
presenting  a fine  opening  for  capital 
and  enterprise. 

NORTH-BRANCH, 

Branckburg,  Somerset  Co.,  N.  y., 
41  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  ffarrisb'g,!^!. 
Also  called  Bailies,  is  a small  post  vil- 
lage, containing  an  academy,  a tannery, 
saw-mill,  etc.  It  receives  its  name 
from  the  North-^Branch  of  the  Raritan 
River,  on  which  it  is  situated,  three 
miles  above  Branckville,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  North  and  South  Branches* 
The  South-Branch  Railroad  crosses 
the  Sotith-Branch  in  the  southern  part 


i8 

of  the  town,  some  four  or  five  • miles 
above  Branchville,  and  then  runs  up 
its  valley  nearly  to  Flemington.  I< 
will  be  seen  that  the  two  branches  6f 
the  Raritan  enter  largely  into  the 
names  of  the  township,  its  villages, 
and  the  railroad  to  Flemington. 

WHITEHOTJSE. 

Readington,  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  y, 
46  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisb'g,13B, 
This  village  is  on  Rockaway  Creek, 
and  has  a mill,  several  stores,  a hotel, 
and  academy. 

Mechanicsville  is  a small  village 
about  one  mile  east,  and  Scrabeltown, 
another,  one  mile  south  of  the  station. 
The  hill  on  the  left,  a short  distance 
west  of  Whitehouse,  is  called  Pickle’s 
Mountain. 

LEBANON, 

Clinton,  H winter  don  Co.,  N.  y., 

50  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  HarrisFg,13Z, 
Is  north  of  the  railway,  located  in  a 
fine,  fertile  country ; has  a hotel,  a 
few  stores,  and  a population  of  about 
8oo  We  have  now  entered  a lime- 
stone region,  the  country  becoming 
smooth  and  rolling,  and  the  soil  rich 
and  productive.  The  farmers  are 
wealthy,  and  their  houses  generally 
display  good  taste. 

CLINTON, 

Clinton,  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  y., 

52  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  HarrisRg,\BO, 
On  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan 
River,  two  miles  from  the  station,  is 
in  one  of  the  most  productive  and  well- 
improved  agricultural  regions  in  the 
countr5^  The  stream  affords  sufficient 
water-power  to  drive  a number  of  flour 
and  saw-mills  and  other  machinery. 
This  village  has  two  or  three  hotels, 


19 


several  stores,  two  churches,  and  a 
bank.  Here  are  also  extensive  lime- 
stone quarries,  from  which  a large  re- 
gion of  country  is  supplied  with  build- 
ing material.  The  Somerville  and 
Easton  turnpike  passes  through  the 
village  and  a little  south  of  the  station. 
■Quite  a large  village  is  growing  up 
around  the  station,  and  a branch  rail- 
road has  been  chartered  to  the  village, 

HIGH  BRIDGE. 

Clinton^  Hunterdon  Co.y  N.  y. 

54  m./r.  N.  V.  Fr.  HarrisVg,  128. 

Here  the  railroad  crosses  the  South- 
Branch  of  the  Raritan,  which  rises  in 
Schooley’s  Mountain,  about  ten  miles 
north-east  from  here,  and  until  re- 
cently it  passed  over  a bridge  of  wood- 
en trestle-work  105  feet  high  and  1300 
feet  long.  An  embankment  has  now 
taken  its  place,  which  has  required 
several  years  to  complete,  at  a cost  of 
$180,000.  The  view  from  this  em- 
bankment, up  and  down  the  Raritan, 
is  very  fine.  Soon  after  leaving  this 
station  we  strike  the  valley  of  Spruce 
Run. 

SPRUCE  RUN, 

Lebanon^  Hunterdon  Co.y  H.  y.y 
58  m.fr,  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisb^g,\2i% 

On  Spruce  Run,  has  an  extensive  man- 
ufactory of  picture  frames.  Here  are 
several  stores,  a church,  and  a small 
village  on  the  right  of  the  railroad,  of 
which  a good  view  is  obtained  from  the 
cars.  The  valley  of  Spruce  Run  forms 
a gap  in  the  ridge,  of  which  Schooley’s 
Mountain  to  the  north-east  forms  a 
part,  through  which  we  enter  the  val- 
ley of  the  Musconetcong  River. 


JUNCTION  STATION. 

Lebanon,  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  y. 

59  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr..Harrisb’g, 123. 

Here  the  Central  Railroad  connects 
with  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna,  and 
Western  Railroad,  extending  through 
the  Water  Gap  to  Scranton  and  Great 
Bend,  on  the  Erie  Railway,  and  pas- 
sengers to  the  Lackawanna  and  Wyo- 
ming coal  regions  take  this  road.  The 
village  of  New-Hampton  is  a little 
north-west  of  the  station.  Approach- 
ing this  station  we  pass  through  a deep 
cut  in  rock  and  earth.  Passing  along 
the  hill-sides  we  have  a fine  view 
northward  of  the  Musconetcong  Valley. 

ASBURY. 

Bethlehem,  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  y. 
62  m./r.  N.  Y.  Fr.  HarrisV g,120. 

A small  station  well  up  on  the  south 
slope  of  the  Musconetcong  Valley.  The 
village  of  Asbury  is  on  the  north  side 
of  the  Musconetcong,  which  forms  the 
boundary  between  Hunterdon  and 
Warren  counties.  It  is  in  the  town 
of  Franklin.  The  landscape  scenery 
on  to  Easton  is  very  attractive.  This 
valley  is  one  of  the  richest  agricultural 
regions  in  the  country,  and  is  con- 
sidered to  be  an  extension  of  the  She- 
nandoah Valley  in  Virginia,  being  in 
the  same  range  of  mountains. 

VALLEY  STATION. 

Bethlehem,  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  y. 
64  m./r.  N.  Y.  Fr.  HarrisVg,\\3. 

It  derives  its  name  from  the  beauti- 
ful valley  beneath,  which,  as  already 
stated,  is  one  of  surpassing  richness 
and  beauty.  On  the  left,  mountains 
and  high  hills  shut  out  the  vision  be- 
yond. The  small  village  of  Bethlehem 
is  up  the  ravine,  about  one  mile  south. 


20 


BLOOMSBURY. 

Bethlehenty  Htinterdon  Co.^  N. 

67  7n./r.  N.  V.  Fr  HarrisFg.W^. 

This  thriving  village  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  Musconetcong  River, 
and  is  partly  in  Warren  and  partly  in 
Hunterdon  counties.  Here  we  come  to 
a heavy  embankment  eighty  feet  high, 
which  was  formerly  bridged.  The  vil- 
lage is  on  the  right  of  the  track,  and 
contains  two  handsome  churches  and 
some  twenty  or  thirty  dwellings.  The 
road  now  passes  between  the  hills, 
forming  the  Pohatcong  Mountain,  and 
into  the  Pohatcong  Valley. 

SPRINGTOWN, 

Greenwich^  Warren  Co.,  N.  y., 

69  m./r.  N.  V.  Fr.  HarrisV 
Is  on  Pohatcong  Creek,  a tributary  of 
the  Lehigh.  The  valley  of  this  creek 
is  here  crossed  on  a high  embankment, 
formerly  a wooden  bridge.  Here  are 
extensive  limestone  quarries,  and  a 
number  of  kilns  for  the  manufacture 
of  lime. 

PHILLIPSBURG 

Phillipshurg,  Warren  Co.,  N.  y. 

83  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Easton,  1. 

Hotels — Bennefs  and  Reese's. 

An  incroporated  borough,  situated 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Delaware 
River,  opposite  Easton,  in  Pennsylva- 
nia. Its  site  is  on  a high  elevation, 
somewhat  rocky  and  uneven  in  surface, 
yet  it  has  many  pleasant  cottages  and 
villas,  and  considerable  wealth.  It  is 
an  important  manufacturing  town, 
having  twelve  large  establishments, 
where  iron  in  some  form  is  the  pro-  ! 

duct.  I 

Among  thtse  are  the  “ Trenton  Iron 


Company’s  Furnace;”  a^nut  manu- 
factory; the  Warren  Foundry  and 
Machine  Company’s  Works,  for  the 
manufacture  of  gas  and  water-pipes  ; 
Reese,  Merrick  & Co.’s  manufactory 
of  mowing-machines  and  agricultural 
implements ; the  Delaware  Rolling 
Mill;  Delaware  Bolt  Factory;  Lake, 
Bearder  & Co.’s  stove  works ; Wil- 
helm Wagner  & Co.’s  sheet-iron  man- 
ufactory, the  product  of  which  is  said 
to  be  equal  in  quality  to  that  of  any 
manufactory  in  the  United  States, 
There  are  fopr  churches  in  this  bo- 
rough. Three  bridges  cross  the  Dela- 
ware at  this  place — two  of  wood,  for 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  a 
new  iron  one,  recently  built,  for  the 
Morris  and  Essex  Railroad.  Phillips- 
burg  is  the  residence  of  General  Heck- 
man, who  distinguished  himself  in  the 
late  war  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
Union. 

Here  connection  is  made  with  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  the  Le- 
high Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Le- 
high Coal  and  Navigation  Company's 
Railroad. 

A connection  is  also  contemplated 
with  the  East  Pennsylva7tia  Railroad 
at  Allentown,by  building  a new  railroad 
from  Easton  to  that  place.  The  East 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  is  now  con- 
trolled by  the  Reading  Railroad  Com- 
pany, and  by  this  means  an  outlet  will 
be  afforded  for  the  great  Schuylkill 
and  Mahanoy  Coal  Regions  directly 
to  New- York,  via  Potts ville  and 
Tamaqua. 

The  interests  of  the  Lehigh  coal 
region  are  intimately  connected  with 
those  of  the  two  railroads  now  exist- 
ing between  Easton  and  Allentown, 
and  they  are  not  at  present  disposed 
to  allow  the  coal  of  the  other  regions 


21 


to  pass  over  their  road,  to  compete 
with  theirs  in  the  New- York  market. 

EASTON. 

Easton^  Northampton  Co.,  Pa. 

86  7n.fr.  N.  V. 

Hotels — The  A mericaft  and  Frank- 
lin Houses. 

Site. 

This  town,  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
State,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of 
the  Delaware,  Lehigh,  and  Bushkill 
Rivers,  in  part  upon  the  debris  which 
their  waters  have  washed  down  and 
lodged  in  this  situation.  So  limited, 
however,  is  the  site  thus  produced 
that  much  of  the  town,  as  it  has  in- 
creased in  size,  has  climbed  up  the 
ranges  of  hills  which  encircle  it  on  all 
sides,  giving  it  a romantic  appearance. 

Its  regularly  laid  out  streets  are 
either  paved  or  macadamized,  and  are 
lighted  with  gas,  supplied  with  water, 
and  kept  very  neat  and  clean.  Near 
the  centre  of  the  city  is  a public 
green,  called  the  “ Circle,”  from  its 
circular  form.  Around  it  is  a hand- 
some paved  promenade,  shaded  with 
trees.  Around  this  Circle,  on  market 
days,  are  ranged  rows  of  temporary 
stalls,  and  wagons  from  the  country 
loaded  with  produce.  In  its  vicinity 
are  many  of  the  oldest  and  finest  resi- 
dences, which  are  built  of  brick,  and 
present  an  air  of  comfort  and  compe- 
tence. 

Public  Buildings,  Etc. 

The  Court-House  occupies  a com- 
manding position  on  the  hill  in  the 
western  part  of  the  borough.  There 
are  also  a number  of  fine  churches  and 
an  academy. 

On  the  east  rises  Mount  Lafayette, 
with  Lafayette  College  near  its  sum- 


mit. This  institution  was  found* 
ed  in  1833,  and  has  many  attractive 
features.  It  is  located  on  a beautiful 
eminence,  overlooking  the  surrounding 
country,  and  its  grounds  cover  forty 
acres.  It  has  nine  resident  and  three 
lecturing  professors,  and  100  students. 
Recent  endowments,  amounting  to 
$300,000,  have  given  it  a new  impetus, 
and  placed  it  upon  a permanent  and 
substantial  footing.  The  prominent 
feature  of  this  college  is  metallurgy 
and  mineralogy,  of  which  departments 
Professor  H.  S.  Osborn  has  the  espe- 
cial charge.  A fine  new  building  of 
limestone  has  recently  been  erected, 
containing  a cabinet  with  more  than 
8000  specimens  of  minerals  from  Penn- 
sylvania and  New- Jersey  alone,  be- 
sides lecture-rooms  and  apartments 
for  laboratories  and  the  use  of  stu- 
dents. North  of  this  is  a new  obser- 
vatory, which  contains  a telescope  of 
superior  quality  and  power.  Other 
buildings  are  soon  to  be  erected  and 
the  old  ones  remodeled,  making  this 
college  one  of  the  best  institutions  of 
the  kind  in  the  country.  Its  location 
is  peculiarly  adapted  for  the  study  of 
those  branches  to  which  the  attention 
of  students  will  be  more  prominently 
directed,  being  in  the  midst  of  a rich 
mineral  region,  presenting  a large  va- 
riety of  interesting  fields  for  explora- 
tion. Here  are  found  rare  specimens 
of  serpentine,  zircons,  and  epidote, 
while  north  of  Easton  is  a rock  from 
which  is  obtained  a rich  variety  of  au- 
gites.  A new  locality,  just  opened, 
contains  the  sulphate  of  barytes,  while 
on  the  south,  across  the  Lehigh  River, 
the  Lehigh  Hills  are  filled  for  miles 
with  mines  of  iron.  At  the  Phillips- 
burg  Cut,  on  the  south,  the  limestone 
and  granite  come  together,  a singular 


22 


and  unusual  occurrence.  This  is  the 
only  granite  found  in  this  entire  region. 

Durham  Cave^  near  here,  contains 
the  petrified  bones  of  the  buffalo, 
moose,  and  deer,  with  evidence  that 
these  animals  must  have  inhabited  this 
region  within  about  a century.  Here, 
too,  at  the  forks  of  the  Delaware,  was 
the  great  camping-ground  of  the  Indi- 
ans in  the  times  of  Brainerd. 

Mount  Jefferson^  the  abrupt  peak 
in  the  centre  of  the  town,  was  an  In- 
dian lookout,  where  are  still  found 
arrow-heads  and  other  Indian  relics. 
The  view  of  these  locations  from  La- 
fayette College  is  grand. 

Manufactures. 

Among  the  principal  manufactories 
of  Easton  is  the  rolling-mill  and  wire 
manufactory  of  Stewart  & Co.,  at 
South-Easton,  on  the  southern  bank 
of  the  Lehigh,  from  which  from  1200  to 
1500  tons  of  iron  and  copper  wire  are 
made  annually,  and  is  pronounced  the 
finest  manufactured  in  this  country. 
Strangers  are  always  welcomed  to  see 
these  works,  which  are  exceedingly 
curious  and  interesting.  The  Glendon 
Iron  Works  are  a mile  and  a half 
above  Easton  Centre,  on  the  Lehigh 
River.  Besides  these  are  the  Oxford 
Furnace,  Cooper’s  Furnace,  the  Le- 
high Cotton  Factory,  and  the  Frank- 
lin Iron  Works,  manufacturing  nearly 
all  kinds  of  agricultural  implements. 
These  various  establishments  give  to 
Easton,  though  a somewhat  antiquated 
German  town,  a busy  and  thriving  ap- 
pearance. 

Bushkill  Creek  affords  a good  water- 
power, upon  which  are  more  than  a 
dozen  mills  and  distilleries,  which  con- 
sume 250,000  bushels  of  grain,  and 


manufacture  900,000  gallons  of  whisky 
annually. 

A fine  covered  bridge,  600  feet  long, 
erected  in  1805  for  carriage  and  foot 
travel,  crosses  the  Delaware  to  Phil-  t 
lipsburg  at  the  foot  of  Northampton 
street,  which  has  alone  withstood  the 
powerful  freshets  that,  from  time  to 
time,  have  carried  away  so  many  simi- 
lar structures.  An  iron  bridge  across 
the  Lehigh  connects  Easton  with 
South-Easton,  where  is  the  depot  of 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  Over 
this,  and  Crossing  diagonally,  the  Le- 
high Coal  Navigation  Company  are 
erecting  a new  and  very  long  bridge, 
to  connect  their  road,  which  is  nearly 
completed  to  this  place,  with  the  Mor- 
ris and  Essex  and  the  New- Jersey 
Central,  running  to  New- York. 

Railroad  Communications. 

The  facilities  of  Easton  for  commu- 
nication with  all  sections  of  the  coun- 
try are  numerous  and  excellent.  It  is 
the  western  terminus  of  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New- Jersey,  the  Morris 
and  Essex  Railroad,  and  the  Morris 
Canal.  The  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 
and  the  Lehigh  Coal  Navigation  Com- 
pany’s Railroad  and  Canal  extend  from 
here  to  tlie  coal  regions.  By  the  Belvi- 
dere  Delaware  Railroad  it  is  connect- 
ed with  Philadelphia  below,  and  with 
Belvidere,  the  Water-Gap,  and  the 
Lackawanna  coal  regions  above.  The  ^ 
Allenton  route,  from  Allentown 
through  Harrisburg  to  Pittsburg,  con- 
nects it  with  all  points  west. 

No  traveler  should  leave  Easton 
without,  once  at  least,  climbing  some 
of  its  lofty  hills,  and  enjoying  for  a 
while  the  almost  matchless  beauty  of 
the  scene  that  is  here  spread  before 
the  vision. 


h 


I 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad. 


SASTON  TO  ALLENTOWN,  17  MILES 

This  railroad,  as  its  name  implies,  is  located  in  the  valley 
Hof  the  Lehigh  River,  and  extends  from  its  confluence  with 
the  Delaware  River  at  Easton  up  to  Whitehaven,  within 
twenty  miles  of  its  sources  on  the  Alleghany  summits,  run- 
ning all  the  way  close  beside  the  river  banks  to  Whitehaven, 
and  thence  crossing  over  the  mountain  ridge  to  Wilkesbarre 
in  the  Susquehanna  Valley. 

At  Allentown  the  river  and  railroad  bend  around  until 
their  general  directions  above  and  below  that  place  make 
nearly  a right  angle,  the  part  between  Easton  and  Allen- 
town ranging  nearly  east  and  west,  and  that  above  Allen- 
town, north  and  south. 

For  this  reason  the  Allentown  Route  ” to  the  west  di- 
* verges  from  the  Lehigh  Valley  Road  at  Allentown,  and 
continues  westward,  over  the  East-  Pennsylvania  and 
Lebanon  Valley  Branches  of  the  Reading  Railroad. 

The  scenery  along  the  Lehigh  Valley  is  very  interesting 
and  pleasing.  The  portion  between  Easton  and  Allentown 
presents,  in  addition  to  the  natural  features  of  the  land- 
scape, a succession  of  immense  furnaces  and  iron  works 
with  huge  stacks  pouring  out  flame  and  smoke,  and  im- 
mense and  constantly  increasing  piles  of  cinders,  etc. 


LIME  RIDGE. 

l,ower  Sctucon,  Northa7npton  Co.y  Fa. 
82  7n.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.Harrishurgy  lOO. 

Here  are  a number  of  lime-kilns, 
the  stone  being  supplied  by  the  quar- 
ries in  the  vicinity,  and  the  railroad  af- 
fording convenient  facilities  for  obtain- 
ing coal  and  for  forv'-arding  lime. 
Much  of  the  lime,  however,  is  used  by 
formers  in  the  region  around  for  im- 
proving the  land.  The  scenery  along 
the  Lehigh  about  here  is  very  beauti- 
jful.  Just  below  this  station  is  Smithes 
Island,  in  the  Lehigh  River,  covered 
with  shade  trees,  and  a favorite  resort 
for  picnics,  etc. 

FREEMANSBDRG. 

Lower  Sat^cofty  NorikuTnpton  Co.,  Pet. 
84  in.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  H arrisbttrg^y  9 8. 

A pretty  and  thriving  borough,  ex- 
tending along  the  opposite  or  north 
side  of  the  Lehigh  River,  in  the  town- 
ship of  Betlilehem.  Here  are  several 
quite  extetisive  canal-boat  building  es- 
tablishments. Tlie  borough  contains 
some  two  hundred  inhabitants,  a 
church,  and  two  hotels.  A bridge  con- 
nects it  with  the  south  side  of  the  river. 

About  two  miles  north,  in  Bethlehem 
township,  is  the  small  village  of  But2- 
TOWN,  and  a little  south  of  the  station, 
in  Lower  Saucon,  is  Shimersville, 
another  small  village  on  Saucon  Creek, 
containing  a woolen  foctory,  a saw-mill, 
a grist-mill,  a store,  and  a hotel.  Here 
a branch  railroad  extends  across  about 
a mile  to  the  North- Pennsylvania 
Railroad. 

BETHLEHEM. 

Lower  Saucony  Northampton  Co.y  Pa. 
87  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisbiirgy  95. 
Hotels — Suny  Eag-lcy  FetteYsy  and 
Pennsylvania  House. 

Bethlehem  is  one  of  the  oldest  Mo- 


25 

ravian  settlements  in  this  country. 
The  Moravians  came  to  the  New 
World  early  in  its  history,,  both  to 
avoid  persecution  and  to  attempt  the 
conversion  of  the  Indians  to  Christian- 
ity. ITvey  first  settled  in  Georgia,  but 
in  173S  their  settlement  was  broken 
up,  on  account  of  a war  then  raging  be- 
tween England  and  Spain,  in  which  the 
Brethren  were  compelled  to  serve,  and 
their  attention  was  directed  to  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  strict  morality  and  even 
severity  of  their  manner  of  life  were  far 
from  a hinderance  to  them  in  their  en- 
terprise. “ Tliey  held  all  property  in 
common  ; the  support  of  the  aged  and 
infirm  was  made  a general  concern  ; 
and  even  the  regulation  of  marriages 
was  a matter  in  which  the  individuals 
directly  concerned  had  14ss  to  do  than 
any  body  else.” 

Tile  settlement  at  Bethlehem,  made 
in  1741,  was  the  earliest  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  retained  its  original  econo- 
my longer  than  any  other;  The  oblo- 
quy and  contempt  which  were  bestowed 
upon  them  by  their  neighbors,  the  Ger- 
mans and  Irish,  only  served  to  strength- 
en the  bond  of  union  among  them. 

nie  separation  of  the  sexes  and  com- 
munity of  property  existed  as  late  a^ 
1762.  From  that  lime  their  distinc- 
tive characteristics  have  more  and 
more  ceased  to  be  noticeable. 

The  old  buildings,  for  the  most  part, 
still  remain,  and  are  objects  of  curious 
interest  to  the  tourist.  The  principal 
ones  stand  in  Church  row,  at  the  foot 
of  Broad  street,  near  the  Sun  Hotel. 
They  are  built  of  stone,  and  appear  ca- 
pable of  enduring  for  many  years  to 
come.  Here  the  infirm  and  aged  are 
still  supported  by  the  Brethren  as  of 
old. 

The  old  grave-yard  of  the  Moravi* 


26 


ans  is  an  interesting  place  to  visit.  It 
is  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  is  fill- 
, ed  with  graves  of  whites,  Indians,  and 
negroes,  arranged  with.none  of  the  fas- 
tidious discriminations  of  the  present 
age.  The  Moravian  church  is  a large 
stone  edifice,  142  feet  long,  in  the  Goth- 
• ic  style. 

The  borough  has  a pleasant  and 
commanding  situation  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  is  regularly 
laid  out,  its  streets  finely  shaded  with 
an  abundance  of  trees,  and  is  a favorite 
place  of  resort  in  summer. 

Some  historic  interest  attaches  to 
this  place  from  the  fact  that  Washing- 
ton, in  his  retreat  across  the  Delaware, 
was  compelled  to  remove  hie  hospital 
and  supplies  to  Bethlehem.  The  Mo- 
ravians gave  the  use  of  their  buildings 
to  the  government,  which  at  one  time 
were  filled  by  a large  body  of  British 
prisoners.  Thus  the  town  came  to  be 
honored  by  the  presence  of  Washing- 
ton, Adams,  Lafayette,  Pulaski,  Gates, 
Hancock,  and  Franklin.  The  “ Sin- 
gle Sisters  ” gave  Count  Pulaski  a ban- 
ner of  crimson  silk,  embroidered,  which 
is  now  in  the  Historical  Society’s 
rooms  at  Baltimore.  Longfellow  has 
made  this  incident  the  subject  of  a 
poem. 

Manufactures. 

The  Bethlehem  Iron  Cols  works 
are  the  finest  in  this  whole  valley, 

^ which  is  so  celebrated  for  its  extensive 
iron  manufactories.  At  their  rolling- 
mill  large  quantities  of  railroad  iron 
are  manufactured. 

The  Lehigh  Zinc  works  are  also  lo- 
cated here,  besides  numerous  other 
gmaller  establishments. 

The  Lehigh  University. 

Bethlehem  is  the  site  of  the  Lehigh 


University^  which  was  formally  opened 
on  September  1st,  1866.  During  the 
year  1865,  the  Hon.  Asa  Packer,  ol 
Mauch  Chunk,  announced,  unsolicited, 
to  the  Bishop  of  the  Diocese,  his  in- 
tention to  appropriate  the  sum  of  $500,- 
000  and  an  eligible  spot  in  South-Beth- 
lehem,  containing  56  acres,  for  the 
purpose  of  founding  an  educational  in- 
stitution, which  should  bear  the  name 
of  the  Lehigh  University.  The  pur- 
pose of  the  founder  in  making  this  mu- 
nificent endowment  was  to  provide  the 
means  for  imparting  to  young  men  of 
the  State  a complete  professional  edu- 
cation, which  should  fit  them  to  take 
an  active  part  in  the  practical  duties  of 
the  time. 

The  system  adopted  proposes  to 
introduce  those  important  branches 
**  which  have  been  heretofore  more  or 
less  neglected  in  what  purports  to  be  a 
liberal  education  ; and  especially  those 
industrial  pursuits  which  tend  to  deve- 
lop the  resources  of  the  country,  such 
as  Engineering,  Chemistry,  Metallur- 
gy, Architecture,  and  Construction.” 
The  institution  is  designed  to  be  poly- 
technic  in  its  character,  so  that  the  in- 
struction which  it  imparts  will  enable 
its  graduates  to  play  intelligent  parts 
in  exploring  and  developing  the  vast 
resources  of  the  United  States. 

Its  site  is  peculiarly  adapted  for  the 
purposes  to  which  it  has  been  devoted, 
upon  a gentle  declivity  of  the  Lehigh 
Mountain  range,  in  the  midst  of  a 
park  of  forest-trees,  365  feet  above  tide 
water,  having  an  unobstructed  view 
for  twenty  miles. 

Packer  Hall^  the  principal  universi- 
ty building,  is  a handsome  edifice  of 
stone,  213  feet  long,  standing  700  feet 
back  of  Packer  avenue,  the  front  lim- 
it of  the  grounds.  Near  it  are  erected 


27 


houses  for  the  President  and  pro- 
fessors. 

Toward  the  eastern  extremity  of  the 
grounds  stands  Christmas  Hall,  a com- 
modious brick  edifice,  containing  a 
chapel,  lecture-rooms,  and  students^ 
dormitories^ 

This  College  bad  at  its  opening  40 
students,  and  will,  without  doubt,  be- 
come one  of  the  most  important  and 
prosperous  educational  institutions  in 
the  country. 

The  Moravians  have  here  a large 
female  seminary,  which  has  a high 
reputation  throughout  Pennsylvania. 
There  are,  in  this  borough',  five  hotels, 
four  churches,  and  a newspaper  office. 
The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas,  and 
the  borough  is  supplied  with  water  from 
Manockisy  Creek. 

The  railroad  station  is  not  within  the 
limits  of  the  borough,  which  lies  entire- 
ly north  of  the  river.  Quite  a village 
has  sprung  up  on  the  south  side  of  the 
river,  called  Bethlehem  South,  in  the 
township  of  Lower  Saucon.  Here  is 
the  junction  of  the  North- Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad,  leading  to  Philadelphia, 
and  forming  its  most  direct  route  to  the 
Lehigh  Valley. 

ALLENTOWN^* 

Lehigh  Co.^  Fa. 

92  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  90. 

The  station  here  is  at  the  junction  of 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  with  the 
East- Pennsylvania  road,  extending 
from  here  to  Reading,andis  in  the  town- 
ship of  Sarsburg. 

The  city  of  Allentown  is  in  flill  view 
about  one  mile  north  of  the  station  on 
the  Lehigh  Valley  road.  Its  name  is 
derived  from  that  of  its  original  owner, 
James  Allen,  who  laid  it  out  in  176a. 
It  is  the  capital  of  Lehigh  tounty. 


and  is  situated  at  the  Junction  of  th« 
Lehigh  River  and  Jordan  Creek, 
which  runs  through  the  northern  part 
of  the  town.  The  eminence  upoo 
which  it  is  built  commands  a fine  pros- 
pect, and  slopes  gradually  to  the  Le- 
high on  the  east,  and  the  Jordan  Creek 
on  the  north.  The  difficulty  of  obtain- 
ing water  was,  for  a time,  a hinderance 
to  its  growth  ; but  the  town  was  at 
length  supplied,  in  2828,.  from  Nor- 
man^s  Spring,  about  a mile  distant. 

Tlje  streets  are  regularly  laid  out, 
and  lighted  with  gas  by  the  Allen  Gas 
Company.  Main  street  is  the  princi- 
pal thoroughfare^ 

Public  BuiLi>ifrGS. 

The  Court-House  is  a handsome 
building  of  blue  limestone,  two  stories 
in  height,  and  soimrounted  by  a cupola. 

Rfuhle7iherg  College'  is  a newly  orga- 
nized institution  for  boys,  introducing  a 
military  system  in  their  training.  Both 
of  these  buildings  stand  upon  Main 
street,  and  will  attract  the  attention  of 
visitors, 

Allentown  has  also  a theological 
seminary,  a number  of  fine  churches, 
and  several  banks  and  newspaper  of* 
fi-ces. 

M ANCFACTURES. 

Of  late  years  its  industrial  interests 
have  been  largely  developed,  contri- 
buting much  to  its  prosperity.  Among 
its  manufacturing  establishments  ar*^ 
the  Allentown  Iron  Coi*s  FumacCy 
which  produces  20,000  tons  of  pig-iron 
per  annum,  for  which  the  ore  is  mined! 
in  the  vicinity,  near  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad;  Roberts*  Iron  Furnace  ; thj 
Lehigh  Valley  Rolling-Mill,  for  the 
manufacture  of  railroad  and  bar  iron," 
spikes,  rivets,  etc.  ; the  Allentown 


Rolling-Mill^  making  railroad  iron ; 
Hope  Rolling- Mill,  Jordan  Man- 

ufacturing Co.^s  Rolling-Mill^  besides 
other  establishments  for  the  manufac- 
- ture  of  castings,  maschanery,  gas  and 
.^gteam  pipes,  boilers,  axles,  carriages, 
pianos,  files  and  fire-arms.  Nearly  all 
the  iron  ore  used  by  these  mills  is  ob- 
tained a short  distance  from  the  East- 
^ Pennsylvania  Railroad,  between  Allen- 
town and  Bower’s  Station, 

The  Lehigh  River,  a tributary  of 
the  Delaware,  rises  in  Luzerne  county, 
near  Wilkesbarre,  running  to  Allen- 
town in  a south-easterly  or  nearly 
fiodtlierly  course.  Here  the  Lehigh 


Hills  bar  its  further  progress  toward 
the  south,  and  compel  it  to  take  an 
easterly  direction.  This  stream  for- 
merly abounded  with  trout  and  shad, 
before  dams  were  erected  across  it. 
The  landscape  is  everywhere  in  this 
region  picturesque  and  beautiful  ; the 
adjacent  country  is  fertile,  and  the 
farms  well  improved.  Extensive  beds  of 
iron  ore,  limestone,  and  roofing  slate 
are  found  in  the  vicinity.  Here  are 
mineral  springs  that  are  highly  prized 
by  those  who  have  tried  their  efficacy. 
A visit  to  “ Big  Rock,”  looo  feet 
in  height,  a short  distance  from  the  city, 
will  amply  rq;uiy  the  touxi^ 


DOTY’S 

CLOTHES  WASHER, 

using  boiling-hot  suds,  saves  three-fourths  the  labor  and 
time — takes  out  all  the  dirt — ^no  sore  hands — no  foetid  air — 
NO  injury  to  the  clothes. 

“ It  really  merits  all  good  that  can  be  said  of  it-”— 

Rural  Mew  Yorker, 

THE  UNTIVERS^E 

CLOSEli  WEIWtlB, 

WITH  THE  STOP-GEAR, 

wrings  clothes  almost  dry,  without  injury  to  the  most 
delicate  garments,  and  never  gets  tired  or  out  op 

ORDER. 

On  receipt  of  the  price  from  places  where  no  one  is 
selling,  we  will  send  one  Washer  and  one  Wringer, 
i either  or  both,  free  of  freight  charges.  Family  Size 
Washer,  $14  ; No.  iX  Wnnger,  $10 ; No.  a Wringer, 
$8  50. 

* Send  for  Circulars,  giving  wholesale  and  retail  terms. 

R.  0.  BROWNINGr,  General  Agent, 

Cortlandt  Street,  New  York,, 

{Opposite  Merchants’  HotblA 


Philadelphia  and  Reading  Rail- 
road. 

EAST-PENNSYLVANI A AND  LEBANON  VALLEY 
BRANCHES. 

ALLENTOWN  TO  HARRISBURG,  90  MILES. 


The  great  Anthracite  Coal  trade, 
which  has  grown  up  vjfith  enormous  ra- 
pidity during  the  past  thirty  years,  has 
stimulated  the  opening  of  numerous 
avenues  for  its  conveyance  to  market. 
Of  these  the  Schuylkill  Canal  and 
Reading  Railroad  were  among  the  ear- 
liest. 

The  valley  of  the  Schuylkill  River, 
extending  from  the  gaps  which  three 
of  its  tributaries  make  in  Sharp 
Mountain,  the  southern  boundary 
of  the  great  coal  basin  of  Schuyl- 
kill county,  to  the  Delaware  River  at 
Philadelphia,  affords  a natural  and  very 
convenient  outlet  for  this  coal  to  tide- 
water at  Philadelphia. 

In  this  valley  the  Schuylkill  Naviga- 
tion Company  built  their  canal,  which 
was  completed  in  1825.  Vast  and  con- 
stantly increasing  quantities  of  coal 
have  been  carried  over  this  canal ; but, 
owing  to  its  obstruction  by  ice  in  win- 
ter and  other  causes,  it  was  found  in- 


adequate to  respond  to  the  increasing 
demands  upon  it,  and  the  Philadelphia 
and  Reading  Road  was  consequently 
chartered  in  1833.  It  was  found  to  be 
a work  of  great  difficulty,  however,  and 
was  not  completed  to  Mount  Carbon, 
its  termination,  just  below  Pottsville, 
till  1842. 

The  Lebanon  Valley  Railroady  ex- 
tending from  Reading,  36  miles  below 
Pottsville,  to  Harrisburg,  54  miles,  was 
chartered  in  1836,  and  completed  in 
1856,  at  a cost  of  $4,500,000. 

The  East- Pennsylvania  RaUroady 
from  Allentown  to  Reading,  36  miles, 
was  chartered  in  1856,  and  completed 
in  1859,  at  a cost  of  $i,ioo,ooo. 

Both  these  roads  are  now  owned  or 
controlled  by  the  Reading  Company, 
who  are  thereby  enabled  to  send  the 
coal  of  the  Schuylkill  mines  east  and 
west  as  well  as  south,  over  the  main 
road  to  Philadelphia. 


EMMAUS. 

Sarshtrg^  Lekigh  Ca.,  Pa, 

97  m./r.  N.  V,  Fr.  Harrisburg^  85. 

Emmaus  is  a Moravian  village,  at 
the  foot  of  South  Mountain,  and  is  built 
principally  on  one  street.  Like  most 
Moravian  towns,  it  has  received  a Scrip- 
ture name.  Its  site  was  bequeathed  by 
two  brethren,  for  the  support  and  pro- 
motion  of  missions  among  the  Indians. 
Here  are  a church,  an  academy,  and  a 
hotel. 

MILLERSTOWN. 

Lower  Macungy,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa. 
101  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  81. 

A quiet  village,  with  a church,  a ho- 
tel, and  a few  stores. 

ALBURTIS, 

Long  Swamp,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

104  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  78. 

Hotel — The  Alburtis  Hotel. 
Named  in  honor  of  one  of  the  directors 
living  in  New- York. 

Large  quantities  of  iron  ore  are  sent 
from  this  station  to  Allentown  and 
Reading.  A branch  railroad  crosses 
the  East-Pennsylvania  Railroad,  con- 
structed to  the  mines.  Here  is  a brick 
manufactory. 

SHAMROCK. 

Long  Swamp,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

109  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  7 6. 
Hotel — The  Shamrock  House. 
Iron  mines  are  worked  a half  mile 
north  of  this  station.  Shamrock  village 
and  church  are  seen  on  the  south  of  the 
railroad.  William  Drexler’s  Iron  Fur- 
nace is  a short  distance  north  of  the 
station. 

MERTZTOWN. 

Long  Swamp,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

107  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  75. 
A small  village  with  several  stores 


30 

and  thirty  or  forty  dwellings.  From 
this  station  iron  ore  is  sent  east  and 
west.  The  surface  of  the  country  is 
slightly  rolling,  and  it  is  a fine  grain 
region.  An  air  of  thrift  and  comfort 
marks  the  appearance  of  all  this  section 
of  the  State. 

TOPTON. 

Long  Swamp,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

1 09  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.Harrisburg,79. 

Hotel — The  A merican  Home. 

Here  are  store-houses  of  grain,  coal, 
and  lumber,  a hotel,  and  two  stores. 
A branch  railroad  is  being  constructed 
from  this  place  to  Port  Clinton,  on  the 
Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railroad, 
which  will  considerably  shorten  the 
distance  from  the  Schuylkill  coal  re- 
gion to  Easton  and  New- York. 

BOWER’S. 

Maxatawny,  Berks  Co.,  Pa.  ^ 
llTtm.  fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  70. 

A small  station  with  a few  houses 
and  several  stores. 

LYONS. 

Maxatawny,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

113  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr. Harrisburg,  69. 
Hotels — American  House ^ Lyons 
Hotel. 

Here  is  a coal  and  lumber  depot. 
This  is  the  only  station  at  which  ex- 
press trains  stop  between  Reading  and 
Allentown.  The  village  is  a small  one, 
in  a farming  district.  Quite  a:  number 
of  people  from  the  city  resort  here  in 
summer.  This  station,  like  many  of 
the  others,  is  principally  of  recent 
growth. 

FLEETWOOD. 

Richmond,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

116  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.Harrisbtcrg,  66. 

Hotel — The  A merican  House, 
near  the  station. 

Has  a manufactory  of  threslling  and 


mowing  machines,  four  hotels,  five 
stores,  and  a larger  trade  in  grain, 
lumber,  and  coal  than  any  other  village 
upon  the  line  of  this  road.  Some  iron 
ore  is  found  here.  The  valley  on  the 
north  is  exceedingly  fertile,  and  pre- 
sents a scene  of  thrift  rarely  surpassed. 
Bounding  the  horizon  on  the  north, 
the  Blue  Ridge,  some  fifteen  miles  dis- 
tant, may  be  seen,  stretching  along 
for  many  miles,  and  the  gaps  at  the 
Lehigh  and  Schuylkill  Rivers  may  be 
distinguished. 

BLANDON. 

Maiden  Creek ^ Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

119  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr. Harrisburg,  63, 
Hotel — The  Blandon  House,  near 

the  station. 

We  here  pass  along  a slight  declivi- 
ty, overlooking  a broad  valley  on  the 
north,  bounded  by  the  Blue  Ridge  in 
the  distance.  Blandon  has  a church, 
a hotel,  and  a few  scattered  farm- 
houses. Soon  after  leaving  this  station 
we  turn  toward  the  left,  and  continue 
nearly  due  south  to  Reading. 

SIDING. 

Maiden  Creek,  Berks  Co.,  Pa, 

120  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  62 
Here  are  a few  houses.  This  is  on- 
ly a flag  station,  with  a side  track  for 
loading  and  unloading  cars. 

TEMPLE. 

Muhlenberg,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

122  m.fr.N.  Y,  Fr. Harrisburg,  60. 

Has  a brick-yard,  and  about  a dozen 
dwellings,  in  a farming  district, 

READING. 

Reading,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 
\2Bm.fr.N.Y.  Fr. Harrisburg,  54. 
This  handsome  city,  the  capital  of 


31 

Berks  county,  lies  upon  the  east  bank 
of  the  Schuylkill  River,  fifty-four  miles 
east  from  Harrisburg.  It  was  laid  out, 
in  1748,  by  William  and  Richard  Penn, 
proprietaries  of  the  province,  and  is 
hence  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the 
State.  It  was  named  after  Reading  in 
England.  Its  early  settlers  were  chief- 
ly Germans,  and  it  has  continued 
largely  German  until  the  present  day. 
In  point  of  population  it  is  the  fourth, 
and  in  manufactures  the  third  city  an 
the  State.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on 
a plain  which  rises  gradually  from  the 
river,  inclosed  on  the  east  by  an  emi- 
nence several  hundred  feet  high,  called 
Penn’s  Mount, ^forming  a part  of  the 
range  called  South  Mountains,  or,  fur- 
ther east,  the  Lehigh  Hills.  It  is  com- 
pactly built,  and  intersected  by  straight 
and  rectangular  streets,  which  are  re- 
markably clean  and  smooth. 

Public  Buildings. 

Among  the  public  buildings  is  the 
Court-House,  in  the  central  squarb, 
200  feet  long  by  220  feet  deep,  having 
a splendid  portico,  supported  by  six 
columns  of  red  sandstone,  and  erected 
at  a cost  of  $60,000.  The  city  contains 
four  banks,  three  public  libraries,  and 
twenty-five  churches.  The  new  Epis- 
copal church,  on  North- Fifth  street,  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  State.  It  is  built 
of  Berks  county  sandstone,  and  is  re- 
markable for  its  steeple,  which  is  202 
feet  high.  The  spire  alone  cost  more 
than  $30,000.  The  German  Lutheran 
church  is  also  a handsome  edifice,  with 
a spire  200  feet  high. 

Like  a number  of  these  Pennsylvania 
cities,  the  market  building  occupies  a 
central  position,  and  consists  of  a long 
roof  supported  on  pillars,  open  upon 
the  sides  and  ends,  in  which  are  rang* 


ed  rows  of  stalls,  containing  every  vari- 
ety of  produce,  fresh  from  the  country. 
The  hours  of  market  are  from  four  till 
seven  in  the  morning,  and  also  about 
:he  same  length  of  time  in  the  evening. 
During  the  rest  of  the  day  this  building 
IS  entirely  vacant. 

Manufactures. 

The  position  of  Reading  renders  it 
a place  of  active  trade  and  business 
enterprise,  being  the  market  for  a rich 
and  populous  agricultural  district,  and 
having  superior  facilities  of  communi- 
cation with  the  interior  of  the  anthra- 
cite coal  region  on  the  one  hand,  and 
with  the  principal  markets  along  the 
sea-board  on  the  other.  This  town  is 
largely  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
iron,  steam-engines,  hats,  shoes,  and  a 
variety  of  other  articles. 

Some  of  the  prominent  establish- 
ments are  the  Keystone  Iron  Works, 
Reading  Iron  Works,  Reading 
Brass  Works,  and  Reading  Rolling- 
Mill,  owned  by  the  Reading  Railroad, 
and  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
their  own  railroad  iron  and  steel.  The 
car  shops  of  the  Reading  Railroad  will 
be  seen  on  the  right  of  the  railroad  on 
approaching  the  station.’  They  are 
immense  buildings,  700  feet  long  and 
350  feet  wide,  erected  for  the  manufac- 
ture and  repair  of  cars,  locomotives,  and 
other  machinery  connected  with  the 
railroads  owned  or  operated  by  this 
great  company.  In  these  some  1200 
men  are  employed. 

Of  the  furnaces  at  Reading,  one  has 
an  annual  capacity  of  3500  tons  ; two 
charcoal  furnaces  have  each  over  1000 
tons  capacity.  There  is  a forge  of  600 
tons,  besides  a cotton  mill,  which  has 
at  times  produced  800O  yards  daily; 
also  large  flouring  mills,  a nail  factory, 


33 

breweries,  tanneries,  a pottery,  lumber 
yards,  and  a numerous  variety  of  other 
manufactures.  More  than  $3,000,000 
capital  is  thus  employed  herfe,  while  the 
value  of  articles  manufactured  annually 
amounts  to  $18,000,000.  Much  of  the 
Iron  used  is  dug  from  Penn’s  Mount, 
on  the  east. 

Places  of  Interest. 

A mile  and  a half  east  of  Reading 
is  a mineral  spring,  and  near  it  a 
fine  hotel,  which  is  a favorite  sum- 
mer resort.  The  “ White  House 
Hotel,^"*  on  the  mountain,  300  feet 
above  the  river,  is  a mile  and  a 
half  4outh-east. . “ A ndalusia  Hall  ” 
is  another  noted  Summer  resort,  one 
mile  north,  and  has  a large  number  of 
boarders  every  season.  From  “ White 
Spot,”  on  Penn’s  Mount,  1000  feet 
above  the  river,  a beautiful  view  is 
obtained  of  the  entire  city  and  vicinity, 
and  is  much  visited. 

The  Schuylkill  is  spanned  at  Read- 
ing by  two  covered  bridges,  600  feet 
long,  erected  at  a cost  of  $60,000. 

Communications. 

The  Schuylkill  Canal,  extending 
from  Port  Carbon,  above  Pottsville,  to 
Philadelphia, passes  through  Reading  ; 
and  from  this  place  commences  the 
Union  Canal  to  Middletown,  on  the 
Susquehanna.  The  railroad  hence  to 
Harrisburg  is  known  as  the  Lebanon 
Valley  Railroad.  TheReading  and  Col- 
umbia Railway  runs  through  the  rich 
farming  region  of  Berks  and  Lancas- 
ter, past  Ephrata  and  Litiz  springs  ; 
while  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading 
Railway,  extending  south-easterly  to 
the  former  city  and  north-westerly  to 
Pottsville,  forms  communication  with 
those  places,  supplying  the  furnaces 


34 


and  manufactories  of  Reading  and 
other  places  below  with  coal  from  the 
Schuylkill  mines,  besides  taking  an  en- 
ormous quantity  to  Philadelphia, where 
much  of  it  is  shipped  for  other  more 
distant  markets.  The  New- York 
Railroad  depot  and  the  Reading  and 
Columbia  Railroad  station  are  very 
near  together  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  city,  while  the  principal  station  of 
the  Philadelphia  and  Reading  Rail- 
road is  more  central. 

• Hotels. 

Among  the  numerous  hotels  in 
Reading,  we  may  mention  the  “ Man- 
sion House,”  William  Behm,  Propri- 
etor, which  enjoys  a reputation  second 
to  no  other  hotel  in  the  interior  of  the 
State.  It  has  recently  been  enlarged 
and  refurnished  in  every  department, 
and  presents  superior  accommodations 
and  attractions  to  those  seeking  rest 
or  recreation. 

Reading  was  incorporated  as  a city 
in  1847,  and  has  a population  of  40,000. 
Among  its  prominent  citizens  and 
residents  is  J.  Glancy  Jones,  Ex-Mem- 
ber of  Congress  and  Ex-Minister  to 
Austria.  Several  days  may  be  plea- 
santly and  profitably  passed  in  this 
city,  visiting  its  immense  iron-works 
and  manufactories,  and  the  beautiful 
scenery  in  this  vicinity. 

SINKING  SPRING. 

Spring,  Berks  Co.,  Pa,. 

133  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg, ^9. 

A small  village,  with  a church  and 
40  or  50  dwellings,  principally  upon  a 
single  street,  parallel  with  the  railroad. 
So-called  from  a remarkable  spring  in 
tills  vicinity. 


WERNERSVILLE. 

Loiiier  H eidelberg,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

1 37  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,^B. 

Has  an  extensive  limestone  quarry 
near  the  station.  The  Hygiene  House, 
a large  water-cure  establishment,  near 
Ephraia  Springs,  on  the  mountain  to 
the  south,  is  a popular  resort  for  in- 
valids and  is  largely  patronized.  The 
view  from  it  is  commanding  and  beau- 
tiful, stretching  over  a wide  extent  of 
country  covered  with  fine  farms  and 
pleasant  villages,  while  its  elevated 
position  renders  it  extremely  healthful 
and  invigorating. 

ROBESONIA. 

Heidelberg,  Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

141  m.fr.  N.Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg, 

A quiet  village,  in  an  agricultural 
region.  Robinson’s  large  iron  furnace 
is  located  south  of  the  station!  at  th® 
base  of  the  mountain.  A branch  track 
is  constructed  to  it  firom  the  main 
road. 

WOMELSDORF, 

Heidelberg,  Berks  Co.,  Pa., 

143  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.Harrisburg,3B, 
Is  an  incorporated  borough,  and  one 
of  the  largest  towns  in  Berks  county. 
It  is  situated  on  the  south  side  of  Tul- 
pehocken  Creek,  and  is  surrounded 
by  fertile  and  well-cultivated  farms. 
It  contains  an  academy  and  several 
churches  and  stores.  Its  inhabitants 
are  mostly  Germans.  In  its  vicinity  is 
a very  large  and  beautiful  spring,  where 
a hotel  is  erected,  which  renders  it  a 
favorite  place  for  picnic  parties  from 
Harrisburg  and  Reading.  Upon  an 
old  house  in  Womelsdorf,  carved  in 
one  of  the  stones,  is  an  inscription, 
which  reads,  “ This  was  built  by  J. 


35 

Manderbach  and  Eliza  his  wife.”  The 
South  Mountain  Hotise^  under  the 
mountain,  is  a summer  resort,  and  is 
easily  reached  from  the  station  by  om- 
nibuses. 

\ 

SHERIDAN. 

Mill  Creek^  Lebanon  Co.^  Pa. 

146  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  38. 

Hotel — Sheridan  House. 

Has  an  iron  furnace,  on  Mill  Creek, 
besides  a flour-mill  and  saw-mill,  quite 
near  the  station.  F rom  the  car  win- 
dows the  traveler  can  here  look  over 
a broad  extent  of  country  northward, 
bounded  in  the  distance  by  the  Blue 
Mountains.  The  southern  limit  of 
this  broad  valley  is  the  range  of  hills 
on  the  south  called  South  Mountain. 

RICHLAND. 

Mill  Creek,  Lebanon  Co.,  Pa. 

147  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.Harrisburg,^^. 

This  station  has  grown  up  within 
three  years.  Has  a grain  store-house 
and  a dozen  dwellings,  in  a farming 
community.  A fertile  grain  country. 

MYERSTOWN. 

fackson,  Lebanon,  Co.,  Pa. 

150  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  32. 

Myerstown,  on  Tulpehocken  Creek 
and  the  Union  Canal,  a little  north  of 
the  station,  is  surrounded  by  fine  farms. 

It  has  several  churches  and  stores,  a 
newspaper  office,  a large  stove  foundry, 
and  extensive  brick  works.  The 
” Palatinate  College”  is  being  erected 
here  by  the  German  Reformed  de- 
nomination. Its  buildings  occupy  a 
prominent  position  in  the  village  and 
can  be  seen  from  the  depot.  Here  are 
three  hotels. 


PRESCOTT. 

fackson,  Lebanon  Co.,  Pa. 
152m.fr.  N.Y.  Fr. Harrisburg,  30. 

A small  station  on  the  Union  Canal, 
in  a farming  district.  The  traveler 
through  this  section  of  the  country  will 
be  struck  with  the  fine  farm-houses, 
and  especially  their  outbuildings.  The 
barns  are  many  of  them  of  great  size, 
built  of  limestone,  neat,  and  substantial 
in  appearance. 

AVON. 

North- Lebanon,  Lebanon  Co.,  Pa. 
154  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr. Harrisburg,  28. 

Avon  is  a small  village  in  the  midst 
of  a grain  section  of  the  State.  It  is 
on  the  canal,  and  has  a steam  flouring 
mill.  Soon  after  leaving  its  depot  we 
pass  the  Lebanon  Almshouse,  a little 
way  from  the  railroad,  on  the  south. 

LEBANON. 

Lebanon  Co.,  Pa. 

1 56  nt.  fr.N.  Y.  Fr. Harrisburg, 2 6. 

The  capital  of  the  county  of  the  same 
name,  is  situated  almost  exactly  half- 
way between  Harrisburg  and  Reading, 
in  a fertile  limestone  valley.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Swatara  River ; although 
somewhat  uneven  in  surface,  its  streets 
are  regularly  laid  out,  and  its  houses . 
mostly  built  of  brick  or  stone.  The 
soil  is  so  productive  that  land  can  not 
be  purchased  for  less  than  $150  or  $200 
an  acre.  It  is  the  centre  of  an  active 
trade,  for  which  the  Union  Canal  and 
Lebanon  Valley  Railroad  afford  facili- 
ties, and  is  also  a place  of  considerable 
manufacture.  It  has  several  very  large 
anthracite  furnaces,  each  of  which  can 
produce  more  than  one  hundred  tons  . 
of  iron  a week  ; also  a manufactory  of 
paper,  an  academy,  a bank,  and  several 


36 


churches  and  stores,  besides  two  large 
warehouses  on  the  canal. 

About  seven  miles  south  are  the 
Comwall  Ore  Banks,  reached  by  the 
North- Lebanon  Railway.  These 
banks  are  vast  masses  of  iron  ore,  lying 
open  to  the  eye,  and  piled  up  by  na- 
ture within  easy  access.  There  are 
three  hills,  two  on  the  right  of  the  rail- 
way, called  the  Grassy  Hill  and  the 
Middle  Hill,  and  one  on  the  left  as  you 
enter,  called  the  Big  Hill,  being  larger 
than  the  others.  1 1 is  estimated  that 
Big  Hill  alone  contains  40,000,000  tons 
of  iron  above  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
and  worth  more  than  $16,000,000. 
The  ore  here  yields  70  per  cent  of  pure 
metal,  and  is  mined  in  terraces,  so  that 
it  can  be  rolled  down  a slope  to  cars 
on  the  railway.  Rich  veins  of  copper 
occasionally  occur  in  connection  with 
the  iron.  On  the  Swatara  River,  six 
miles  from  Lebanon,  a quarry  of  gray 
marble  has  recently  been  opened, 
which  is  susceptible  of  a fine  polish. 
Lebanon  is  destined  tq  be  one  of  the 
lai’gest  cities  of  Pennsylvania,  and  will 
well  repay  the  tourist  for  a visit. 
Stages  are  in  waiting  at  the  station  to 
convey  travelers  to  the  best  hotels. 

ANNVILLE. 

S outh~ A nnville^  Lebanon  Co.,  Pa. 

1 SI  tn.  fr.N.  Y.  Fr. Harrisburg,  2 1 , 
A quarter  of  a mile  south  of  this  sta- 
tion, is  a pleasant  country  town.  Here 
are  extensive  brick  works,  and  several 
flour  mills,  two  hotels,  a church,  and 
several  stores. 

PALMYRA. 

Londonderry,  Lebanon  Co.,  Pa. 

1 6 6 7^.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr. Harrisburg,  1 6 . 
Hotel — The  Lebanon  Valley  House. 

The  surpassing  richness  of  the  soil  I 


gives  the  country  in  this  section  the  ap* 
pearance  of  a wide-spread  garden,  with 
waving  fields  of  grain  and  clover.  This 
village  is  south  of  the  station  about 
three  quarters  of  a mile.  It  is  a quiet 
country  place,  with  several  churches, 
and  considerable  wealth. 

DERRY. 

Derry,  Dauphin  Co.,  Pa. 

169  m.  fr.N.Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,13. 

A small  \'illage.  Has  two  hotels. 
Here  on  the  south,  a little  distance 
from  the  track,  in  a grove,  is  an  old 
church,  erected  a hundred  and  twenty 
years  ago,  when  the  early  settlers  were 
obliged  to  attend  service  armed  with 
muskets,  as  a protection  against  hostile 
Indians.  Picnics  are  held  in  this  neigh- 
borhood. 

SWATARA. 

Derry,  Dauphin  Co.,  Pa. 

171  SH. fr.N.Y.  Fr. Harrisburg,  11. 

This  village  is  a mile  north  of  the 
railway,  on  the  Swatara  River,  where 
there  is  an  iron  furnace.  At  the  sta- 
tion is  a granary  and  a few  houses. 

HUMMELSTOWNT, 

Derry,  Dauphin  Co.,  Pa., 

173  ni.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Harrisburg,  9, 
On  the  Swatara  River,  is  a pretty  village, 
containing  four  churches,  an  academy, 
seven  or  eight  stores,  and  a pottery. 
Most  of  its  residents  are  prosperous 
farmers,  and  an  air  of  wealth  and  thrift 
invests  the  town.  A mile  south  of  the 
village  is  a large  cave,  which  is  a great 
curiosity,  and  interesting  to  all  who 
visit  it.  This  cavern  is  in  the  lime- 
stone rock,  and  consists  of  two  apart- 
ments, the  first  of  which  is  about  400 
feet  long ; then,  descending  about  twen- 
ty feet,  you  come  into  the  main  cham« 


37 


ber,  which  is  four  miles  in  length, 
abounding  with  stalactites,  and  stalac- 
tic  formations  of  innumerable  shapes 
and  fantastic  figures,  which  are  wonder- 
fully beautiful,  and  where  one  may 
spend  hours  most  pleasurably. 

HARRISBUEG. 

Harrisburg^  Dauphin  C(?.,  Pa. 

182  m.fr.  N.  Y. 

Hotels — Lochiel  Houses  State  Cap- 
ital Hotel. 

This  city,  the  capital  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, is  delightfully  situated  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  106 
miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  1 10  miles 
north  of  Washington.  It  was  laid  out, 
in  1785,  by  John  Harris,  from  whom  it 
received  its  name,  and  became  the  cap- 
ital of  the  State  in  1812. 

Site. 

Its  site  is  one  of  great  beauty,  and 
the  climate  is  extremely  healthful. 
The  river  here,  though  possessing 
great  volume,  has  not  sufficient  depth 
to  render  it  easily  navigable,  except  for 
rafts,  which  the  current  easily  bears 
dow’n.  Its  canal  and  railroad  commu- 
nications with  different  sections  of  the 
country  are,  however,  so  numerous  and 
complete  that  it  is  almost  unequaled 
in  its  position  for  business  enterprises  of 
every  kind,  which  also  render  it  a flour- 
ishing interior  market.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out,  with  broad  and  handsome 
streets,  and  is  neat  in  appearance. 

Public  Buildings. 

The  capitol  buildings,  consisting  of 
the  Capitol,  and  its  adjacent  State 
offices,  and  arsenal,  stand  upon  an  em- 
inence, a little  west  of  the  centre  of  the 
city.  The  grounds  about  them  have 
been  laid  out  with  great  care  and  taste, 
forming  one  of  the  handsomest  parks 


in  the  State.  The  Capitol  is  an  impos- 
ing edifice,  consisting  of  a main  build- 
ing and  two  wings,  each  adorned  with 
a portico  and  Doric  pillars.  It  contains 
the  Senate  and  Representative  Cham- 
bers, the  State  Library,  Supreme  Court 
rooms,  and  apartments  for  the  several 
State  officers.  From  the  dome  of  the 
Capitol  a magnificent  view  is  obtained 
of  the  wide  and  winding  river,  its 
bridges  and  islands  of  beauty,  and  the 
adjacent  ranges  of  the  Kittatinny 
Mountains.  Other  prominent  buildings 
are  the  Court-House,  a large  and  com- 
modious structure  on  Market  street, 
the  principal  business  thoroughfare. 
The  First  Presbyterian  church  is  a new 
edifice  of  brick,  and  a fine  building. 

The  Market  will  attract  the  attention 
of  every  visitor.  It  occupies  a central 
position  on  Market  street,  running  at 
right  angles  to  it,  and  is  capable  of  hold- 
ing a hundred  or  more  stalls.  W ednes- 
days  and  Saturdays  are  market  days, 
when  it  presents  a novel  and  curious 
appearance  to  strangers  op  making 
their  way  through  the  busy  crowds  of 
buyers  and  sellers. 

The  State  Lunatic  H ospital.,  located 
north-east  of  the  city,  contains  about 
three  hundred  and  fifty  patients,  and  is 
an  ably  managed  institution. 

Manufactures. 

Here  are  several  extensive  iro« 
furnaces,  rolling-mills,  a cotton  factory, 
and  the  machine  shops  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Company.  Wooster’s 
new  brass  furnace,  on  the  left  of  the 
railroad,  near  the  station,  is  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  State.  Other  smalle^ 
manufactories  are  scattered  about  the 
city,  and  are  very  numerous. 

Objects  of  Interest. 

In  the  Hall  of  Representatives,  unti 


38 


recently,  has  stood  the  chair  in  which 
John  Hancock  sat,  as  President  of  the 
Continental  Congress.  In  the  Senate 
Chamber  are  portraits  of  George  Wash- 
ington, William  Penn,  Columbus,  and 
Vespucius,  also  a painting  represent- 
ing the  attempt  made  by  the  Indians 
to  burn  John  Harris,  “ This  incident 
occurred  on  the  river  bank,  below  the 
railroad  bridge,  where  is  still  standing 
the  tree-stump  to  which  the  founder  of 
the  town  had  been  tied  by  the  savages, 
and  from  which  horrible  situation  he 
was  rescued  by  a tribe  from  the  other 
side.  This  stump  is  the  one  sole  mon- 
ument and  headstone  to  John  Harris’ 
grave.”  The  citizens  of  the  city  have 
surrounded  it  with  an  iron  railing,  and 
have  planted  climbing  flowers  at  its 
foot. 

Front  Street^  the  wide  and  pleasant 
avenue  overlooking  the  river,  affords 
the  most  attractive  promenade  in  the 
city.  Lining  it  are  many  of  the  finest 
residences.  Harris  Park  is  at  the  in- 
tersection of  this  street  with  Washing- 
ton avenue,  and  contains  Harris’  grave 
and  tree  in  the  centre  of  the  inclosure. 
Facing  it  is  the  Harris  Mansion,  erect- 
ed in  1766,  and  now  owned  and  occu- 
pied by  Hon.  Simon  Cameron,  Ex-Sec- 
retary of  War.  Near  the  Harris  House 
is  the  residence  of  Governor  Geary. 
The  view  from  the  river  bank  on  F ront 
street  is  one  of  surpassing  beauty. 
Down  the  river,  on  the  opposite  side,  is 
the  pleasant  village  of  New-Cumber- 
land,  nestled  among  a profusion  of 
trees,  while  nearly  opposite  is  Bridge- 
port, both  lying  beneath  a range  of 
hills  that  stretch  along  the  river  bank. 
The  Susquehanna  is  here  spanned  by 
a bridge  of  great  length,  for  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad  of  Pennsylvania. 
It  is  built  of  wood,  and  rests  upon 


twenty-four  piers  of  solid  masonry. 
Above  this  a new  bridge  is  now  build- 
ing for  carriage  and  foot  travel,  to  re- 
place the  one  burned  a few  months 
since.  Below  the  railroad  bridge  is  the 
old  Indian  Ford,  while  above  is  In- 
dependence Island,  a beautiful  spot, 
shaded  with  trees,  which  is  quite  a re- 
sort for  sailing  parties.  Seated  upon 
the  grassy  bank  of  this  stream,  we  are 
carried  back  in  imagination  a hundred 
and  fifty  years  in  the  history  of  the 
country,  to  times  when  Indian  canoes 
floated  down  its  smooth  current,  and 
the  Indian  war-whoop  resounded 
through  the  ancient  forests.  Directly 
opposite  is  a trench  and  rampart  for 
infantry,  which  were  constructed  at  the 
time  of  the  anticipated  attack  of  the 
rebel  forces  upon  the  city.  The  rebels 
came  within  only  three  miles  of  the 
river,  but,  hearing  an  exaggerated  re- 
port of  the  numbers  collected  at  Har- 
risburg lo  oppose  them,  desisted  from 
their  purpose.  The  sunsets,  as  seen 
from  this  position,  are  remarkably  fine, 
and  are  a theme  of  admiration  to  every 
beholder. 

Harrisburg  has,  in  general,  all  the 
improvements  that  are  found  in  a great 
city,  including  gas,  water,  an  excellent 
police,  good  schools,  and  a number  of 
fine  hotels. 

Railways. 

The  location  of  Harrisburg  is  such  as 
to  render  it  a great  centre  of  converg- 
ing railways.  The  Blue  Ridge,  forming 
a part  of  the  great  Appalachian  system 
of  mountains,  extends  across  the  entire 
State,  dividing  a triangular-shaped  por- 
tion in  the  south  and  east  from  the  re- 
mainder of  the  State.  This  ridge,  or  ra- 
ther system  of  nearly  parallel  ridges, 
of  which  the  Blue  Ridge  is  the  most 


39 


southerly,  forms  an  effectual  barrier, 
separating  the  two  sections  of  the  State, 
except  where  a few  widely  separated 
gaps  or  openings  afford  communication. 
West  of  the  Delaware,  the  Susquehan- 
na River  forms  the  only  complete  open- 
ing through  these  ridges,  the  Lehigh, 
Schuylkill,  and  other  smaller  streams 
only  cutting  through  a part  of  them. 
As  a consequence,  all  the  railroads  from 
above  this  barrier  can  only  unite  with 
those  below  it  by  passing  through  this 
great  natural  gate.  Hence  an  im- 
mense amount  of  traffic  and  travel 
passes  through  this  avenue,  and  Har- 
risburg is  situated  some  four  or  five 
miles  below  its  southern  entrance. 

The  railways  which  pass  through 
this  opening,  connecting  the  northern 
and  western  portions  of  the  State  with 
the  southern  and  eastern,  and  with  the 
great  cities  ofNew-York,  Philadelphia, 
and  Baltimore,  are  the  Pennsylvania 
and  the  Northern  Central. 

The  former  extends  from  Philadel- 
phia, through  Harrisburg,  thence  west- 
ward up  the  valley  of  the  Juniata, 
which  empties  into  the  Susquehanna 
a short  distance  above  Harrisburg, 
thence  over  the  Alleghany  summit,  to 
Pittsburg,  where  it  unites  with  rail- 
roads extending  to  the  Western  States 
and  territories. 


The  latter  forms  a north  and  south 
route  from  Baltimore,  running  along 
the  Susquehanna  River  as  far  as  Wil- 
liamsport, and  thence  to  Elmira  and  Ca- 
nandaigua in  New-York,  connecting 
with  Niagara  Falls  and  the  great  lakes. 

Besides  these  great  railways,  whose 
directions  cut  across  thcfse  of  the  valleys 
and  ridges,  are  two  which  run  parallel 
with  them,  namely,  the  Lebanon  Valley 
Railroad  and  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad.  The  former  extends  easter- 
ly to  Reading,  connecting  through 
Easton  to  New-York,  and  the  latter 
south-westerly  through  Chambersburg 
to  Hagerstown  in  Maryland. 

Lebanon  Valley  is  really  an  exten- 
sion of  the  Cumberland  Valley,  lying 
between  the  same  ridges  or  elevations 
of  land,  namely,  the  Blue  Ridge  on  the 
north,  and  the  range  called  South 
Mountains  on  the  south.  This  valley 
extends  across  the  States  of  New- Jer- 
sey, Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia, 
and  Tennessee,  and  into  Georgia  and 
Alabama.  It  was  the  scene,  during 
the  rebellion,  of  many  important  mili- 
tary operations,  rebel  raids  were  made 
up  it  into  Pennsylvania,  and  the  great 
battle  of  Gettysburg  took  place  in  th« 
valley  next  south-east  of  this 


The  Coal  Regions  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

That  portion  of  Pennsylvania  in  which  anthracite  coal 
is  found  is  divided  into  several  regions,  occupying  three 
distinct  basins,  or  long,  narrow  valleys,  between  parallel 
ridges  of  the  great  Appalachian  system. 

The  first,  or  most  southerly,  is  the  Schuylkill  Region, 
extending  through  the  middle  of  Schuylkill  county. 

The  second  is  the  Middle  or  Mahanoy  Region,  north 
of  the  Schuylkill,  and  separated  from  it  by  Broad  Mountain. 

The  third,  being  the  most  northerly  of  all,  comprises  the 
Wyoming  and  Lackawanna  Regions,  occupying  a long, 
crescent-shaped  valley,  stretching  north-easterly  across  the 
county  of  Luzerne. 

The  accompanying  map  will  give  a general  idea  of  the 
relative  positions  of  these  regions. 

The  Lehigh  Region  includes  the  eastern  extremity  of 
the  great  Schuylkill  basin,  bordering  on  the  Lehigh  River. 
It  also  includes  a number  of  detached  basins  or  outlying 
patches  of  coal.  It  is  here  that  the  hardest  and  most  com- 
pact variety  of  the  anthracite,  so  well  known  as  “ Lehigh 
coal,”  is  obtained. 

The  Lehigh  and  Schuylkill  Regions  have  been  Longest 
and,  till  recently,  most  extensively  worked,  convenient  ac- 
cess from  them  to  market  having  been  first  established  by  the 
construction  of  canals  and  railroads  down  the  valleys  of  the 
Lehigh  and  Schuylkill  Rivers  ; but  nearly  the  whole  extent 


41 


of  the  different  basins  is  now  accessible  by  railroad,  and 
mines  are  being  opened  in  all  of  them. 

Amid  such  a great  variety  of  intersecting  railroads  and 
places  and  objects  of  interest,  the  tourist  has  a choice  of 
many  different  routes. 

The  one  selected  for  description  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
picturesque  that  could  be  chosen,  and  in  the  wildness, 
beauty,  and  pleasing  variety  of  its  scenery,  the  ease  and  com- 
fort to  be  found  in  its  well-kept  hotels,  and  the  amount  of 
useful  and  interesting  information  attainable,  will,  to  those 
who  have  not  time  for  a more  extended  journey  and  a more 
thorough  examination  of  all  the  localities,  prove  highly  sa- 
tisfactory. All  the  interesting  features  of  the  coal  forma- 
tions and  mining  operations  are  to  be  seen  on  fnis  route,  to- 
gether with  some  of  the  grandest  and  most  striking  scenery 
in  America. 

The  route  selected  is  via  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna, 
and  Western  Railroad,  through  the  famous  Delaware 
Water  Gap,  up  the  Alleghany  slope,  over  the  ridge,  down 
into  the  Lackawanna  Valley  at  Scranton,,  thence  down  this 
valley  and  that  of  the  Susquehanna  to  Wilkesbarre,  pass- 
ing through  a portion  of  the  celebrated  and  beautiful 
Wyoming  Valley.  From  Wilkesbarre  the  railroad  climbs 
by  a circuitous  route  over  the  encircling  mountain  on  the 
south,  and  then  descends  the  Lehigh  Valley,  passing  through 
a constant  succession  of  wild  and  romantic  scenery,  and, 
in  the  vicinity  of  Mauch  Chunk,  affording  an  opportunity 
to  examine  some  of  the  boldest  and  most  successful  me- 
chanical and  engineering  achievements  of  the  age. 

Continuing  down  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Lehigh,  we 
pass  through  the  pleasant  city  of  Allentown  to  Easton, 
having  completed  a circuit  of  a little  over  two  hundred 
miles. 

The  railroads  over  which  the  described  route  passes, 
with  distances,  etc.,  are  as  follows  : 


4* 


The  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad^  from  Philipsburg^ 
opposite  Easton,  to  Manunka  Chunky  17  miles. 

The  Delaware^  Lackawanna^  and  Weste7'n  Railroad^ 
from  Manunka  Chunk  to  Scranton,  67  miles.  (From  New- 
York  to  Scranton  direct,  the  distance  is  142  miles,  namely, 
New-York  to  New-Hampton  Junction,  59  miles,  Junction 
to  Scranton,  83  miles.) 

The  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna  Railroad^  from  Scranton 
to  Wilkesbarre,  18  miles. 

Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  ixova  Wilkesbarre  to  Easton^ 

101  miles. 


THE 


NOVELTY 

Clothes  Wfinpr, 


Among  the  nnmerous  awards  given 
■ I this  Wringer  in  1867,  were  the 
MIQHEST  ritEMITTMS 

AT  THE  GREAT 

AMERICAN  INSTITUTE 

AND 

NEW  ENGLAND  UNION 

It  has  Co^  Wheels  on  both  ends  of  the  Rolls,  which  allows  the  rolls  tc 
separate  at  either  end.  The  Patent  Citrved  Clamp  has  a bearing  on  a tub 
the  whole  length  of  the  Wringer.  With  our  Patent  Adjustable  Springs, 
only  one  pressure  screw  is  required,  which  always  insures  an  equal  pres- 
sure the  whole  length  of  the  rolls,  and  makes  the  Wringer  self-adjtjstinci 
and  ADJUSTABLE.  Altogether  it  is  the  most  durable,  simple  and  efficient 
Wringer  in  use.  Warranted  perfectly  satisfactory.  Sold  everywhere. 


N.  B.  PHELPS  A CO,f  Cen’l  Agents, 


No.  17  Cortlandt  Street,  New  York. 


Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad. 

EASTON  TO  MANUNKA  CHUNK  JUNCTION,  17  MILES, 


From  Easton,  the  tourist  desiring  to 
visit  the  Delaware  Water  Gap  and  the 
coal  regions  will  cross  the  river  to  the 
station  of  the  Belvidere  Delaware 
Railroad  at  Phillipsburg,  passing  on 
this  road  as  far  as  Manunka  Chunk 
Junction,  where  the  train  will  con- 
nect with  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna, 
and  Western  Railroad  for  Scranton. 

A more  direct  route,  however,  from 
New'-York  to  Scranton  would  be  pur- 
sued by  leaving  the  Central  Railroad 
of  New- Jersey  at  the  New- Hampton 
Junction,  or  the  Morris  and  Essex 
Road  at  Washington,  where  it  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna, and  Western  Railroad,  instead 
of  going  through  to  Easton.  A ride  of 
10  miles,  through  the  villages  of  Oxford 
Furnace  and  Bridgeville,  would  then 
bring  us  to  Manunka  Chunk  Station. 

At  Oxford  Furnace^  in  Oxford 
township,  Warren  Co.,  9 miles  from 
New-Hampton  Junction,  is  an  exten- 
sive iron  furnace,  which  gives  its  name 
to  the  village,  besides  a large  machine- 
shop,  car-wheel  foundry,  etc.  Iron 
ore  of  a rich  quality  is  abundant  in 
the  vicinity,  and  is  easily  smelted. 
Bridgeville^  14  miles  from  New- 
Hampton,  is  a small  village,  also  in 
Oxford  township,  containing  a hotel, 
store,  etc. 

Leaving  Phillipsburg,  we  wind  along 


the  east  bank  of  the  Delaware  River, 
between  mountains  of  limestone  form- 
ation, through  a charming  region,  with 
wooded  hill-slopes  and  smooth,  culti- 
vated fields.  Our  first  stopping-place 
is  at 

MARTIN’S  CREEK. 

Harvtony^  Warren  Co.,  N.  f. 

6 m.fr.  Easton. 

This  small  stream,  which  gives  its 
name  to  the  station,  empties  into  the 
Delaware  on  the  Pennsylvania  side, 
where  there  is  a small  village,  having 
several  stores,  a tannery,  and  distillery, 
while  at  the  station  there  are  a few 
dwellings  in  an  agricultural  district. 
The  current  of  the  Delaware  is  here 
smootli  and  gentle,  and  contrasts  strong- 
ly with  its  appearance  as  we  ascend 
toward  its  source,  where  it  becomes 
more  rapid,  and  its  bed  rocky  and  un- 
even. 

HUTCHINSONS. 

Harmony,  Warren  Co.,  N.  f., 

8 m.fr.  Easton, 

On  Lommasson’s  Creek,  has  two  saw- 
mills and  a few  houses,  in  a romantic 
ravine  east  of  the  railway. 

ROXBURY. 

Harmony,  Warren  Co.,  N.  f, 

9 m.fr.  Easton. 

The  village  is  a mile  east  of  the  sta- 
tion, and  contains  an  iron  foundry,  a 
grist-mill,  and  several  stores. 


44 


BELVIDERE. 

Oxford^  IVarren  Co.,  N".  y. 

14  nt.fr.  Easton. 

Belvidere,  an  incorporated  borough, 
is  pleasantly  located  on  Pequest  Creek, 
and  contains  many  beautiful  resi- 
dences, a number  of  churches,  stores, 
and  a fine  public  school.  The  school- 
building occupies  a prominent  site  in 
the  centre  of  the  town,  and  will  be  re- 
cognized by  its  square  tower  and  town 
clock.  Here  also  is  a court-house,  a 
bank,  and  a number  of  manufactories. 
Among  these  are  a large  cotton  mill, 
an  iron  foundry,  and  several  saw  and 
flour  mills.  The  Pequest  Creek  here 
has  a fall  of  about  50  feet,  affording 
abundant  water-power.  Beyond  the 
station  the  road  is  cut  in  the  side  of 
the  Manunka  Chunk  Mountain.  Tay- 
lor’s Island,  beneath  in  the  Delaware, 
'.s  a wooded  and  delightfully  pleasant 
spot 


MANUNKA  CHUNK. 

Oxford,  IVarren  Co.,  N.y. 

75  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  67. 

This  is  the  junction  of  the  Delaware 
and  Belvidere  with  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna,  and  Western  Railroad. 
Passengers  from  Easton  for  the  Water 
Gap  here  change  cars,  passing  up  an 
inclined  covered  way  to  the  station  of  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna,  and  Western 
Railroad.  A few  rods  south,  that  road 
is  seen* emerging  from  the  Voss  Gap 
Tunnel,  cut  through  the  Manunka 
Chunk  Mountain,  a distance  of  nearly 
lOoo  feet.  A small  stream  runs  through 
the  tunnel  beside  the  track.  Ten 
miles  south-east  from  here  is  the  junc- 
tion with  the  Morris  and  Essex  Rail- 
road at  Washington.  New- Hampton, 
the  junction  with  the  Central  Railway 
of  New- Jersey,  and  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna, 
and  Western  Railroad,  is  14  miles 
south-ea£t. 


13  LAIGHT  STREET.  New  Vork, 

{Opposite  395  Canal  Street). 

"THE  GREATEST  OF  LUXURIES.” 

“AS  A PURIFIER  UNEQUALLED. 
"THE  MOST  POWERFUL  OF  REMEDIAL  AGENTS.” 


Send  or  apply  for  the  "TITEKISH  BATH  ADVOCATE. ’’-Free. 


Hours  : 


Gentlemen,  6 to  8 A.  M.,  and  1 to  9 P.  M. 
Ladies,  20  to  xa  A.  M. 

Sunday,  Gent’s,  from  6 to  12  A.  M. 


Parties  can  be  accommodated  with  good 
Hygienic  Board  and  Rooms  at  the  Turkish  Bath  Institute. 
Also  with  ELECTRIC  BATHS.  SWEDISH  MOVEMENT  CURE,  &c 


Delaware,  Lackawanna,  and 
Western  Railroad. 


MANUNKA  CHUNK  TO 

The  route  here  passes  along  the  | 
east  bank  of  the  Delaware,  through 
fine,  fertile  meadows,  and  smoothly 
rounded  hills,  cultivated  to  th^r  sum- 
mits. 

DELAWARE  STATION. 

Knowlton^  Warren  Co.y  N.  y. 

77  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scrantony  65. 

Here  trains  from  both  directions 
stop  15  minutes  for  dinner.  Soon 
after  leaving  here  the  railroad  crosses 
the  Delaware  into  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania, over  a fine  bridge,  seve- 
ral hundred  feet  long. 

COLUMBIA. 

Uj>Per  Mt.  Bethely  Northampton  Co.y 
Pa. 

80  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  62. 

The  village  of  Columbia  is  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river,  at  the  mouth  of 
Paulins  Kill.  Here  are  extensive 
tanneries,  limestone  quarries,  and 
lime-kilns.  The  village  around  the 
station  is  called  Dill’s  Ferry. 

SLATEEORD. 

Mt.  Bethely  Northampton  Co.,  Pa. 
83  m.frN.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  59. 

A small  village  where  are  extensive 
slate  quarries.  We  now  are  under  the 
shadow  of  the  towering  Blue  Moun- 
tains, and  soon  enter  the -“Water 


SCRANTON,  67  MILES. 

Gap.”  The  traveler  will  now  find  his 
attention  fully  engrossed  by  the  wild 
magnificence  and  grandeur  of  the 
scenery. 

DELAWARE  WATER  GAP 
STATION. 

Smithfieldy  Monroe  Co.,  Pa. 

85  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  57. 

Here  we  will  diverge  from  the  mono- 
tony of  simply  describing  the  stations 
as  we  pass,  and  speak  of  the  Delaware 
River  itself,  and  its  romantic  passage 
to  the  sea,  as  well  as  of  the  places  of 
interest  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  “ Gap.” 

The  Delaware  River, 

Called  by  the  Indians  Makeris^ 
kitton,'  rises  in  New- York,  on  the 
western  declivity  of  the  Catskill  Moun- 
tains, by  two  branches,  which,  after 
flowing  south-westerly  for  more  than 
70  miles  through  deep  and  narrow 
mountain  ravines,  unite  at  the  village 
of  Hancock,  on  the  Erie  Railway, 
near  the  north-east  comer  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

From  thence,  foi  75  miles,  it  flows 
south-easterly,  forming  the  boundary 
between  the  States  of  New- York  and 
Pennsylvania  to  Port  Jervis,  at  the 
north-west  corner  of  New- Jersey,  and 
between  New- Jersey  and  Pennsyl- 


46 


vania  below  that  point  to  its  mouth. 
Just  below  Port  Jervis  it  reaches  the 
foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge  or  Kittatinny 
Mountain,  also  called  in  New-York 
the  Shawangunk  Mountain. 

Here  its  course  again  changes  to 
the  south-west,  and  it  runs  along  the 
foot  of  the  mountain  as  if  seeking  a 
passage,  which  at  length  it  finds  at  the 
Water  Gap.  Turning  toward  the 
south,  it  passes  through  the  Gap, 
again  turns  south-west,  and  at  Easton, 
27  miles  below,  it  sweeps  around  to 
the  south-east,  passing  through  the 
ranges  known  as  South  Mountain  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  Scott  Mountain, 
Pohatcong  Mountain,  etc.,  in  New- 
Jersey.  Continuing  in  a south-easterly 
direction,  it  descends  rapidly  over  a 
rocky  bed  in  the  vicinity  of  Trenton  ; 
then,  5 miles  below,  at  Bordentown, 
bends  again  to  the  south-west,  where, 
having  gradually  increased  in  volume 
and  size,  it  has  become  a fine,  navi- 
gable river,  half  a mile  in  width. 
Twenty-five  miles  below  Bordentown  it 
skirts  the  wharves  of  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia, bearing  upon  its  surface  ships 
and  steamers  of  the  largest  size,  and 
finally  emptier  its  waters  into  the 
Delaware  Bay,  40  miles  below  Phila- 
delphia. 

Its  entire  length,  from  its  source  in 
the  mountains  to  the  Bay,  is  about  300 
miles.  The  scenery  above  the  Water 
Gap  presents  a remarkable  contrast 
to  that  below  it,  being  wild,  rugged, 
and  romantic,  while  the  river  below 
the  Gap  flows  through  a rich,  level, 
and  fertile  region,  and  its  banks  are 
lined  with  thriving  and  populous  villa- 
ges, towns,  and  cities. 

Scenery  at  the  Gap. 

Of  the  Delaware  Water  Gap  and 


the  scenery  in  its  immeaiate  vicinity 
but  a feeble  and  imperfect  impression 
can  be  obtained  through  the  medium 
of  language.  It  must  be  visited  and 
thoroughly  explored  by  those  who 
would  obtain  an  adequate  idea  of  its 
magnificent  beauty  and  grandeur. 

The  topography  of  the  mountains 
and  hills  of  Pennsylvania  presents 
some  most  curious  and  remarkable 
features  which  have  never  been  fully 
explained.  Running  generally  in  long, 
parallel  ridges,  they  are  frequently 
broken  up  into  a few  short  zigzags, 
and  then  stretch  off  again  for  many 
miles  in  continuous,  nearly  uniformly 
sloping,  ridges,  having  the  general 
character  of  immense  embankments. 

The  gaps  through  which  rivers  find 
their  way  are  generally  where  these 
breaks  in  direction  occur,  and  it  would 
almost  seem  that  they  had  been  weak- 
ened or  actually  broken  at  these 
places  by  some  lateral  force,  and  thus 
have  allowed  the  running  water  to  cut 
its  way  through  with  more  or  less 
ease. 

Professor  Rogers,  who  conducted 
the  great  geological  survey  of  the 
State,  traces  a nearly  uniform  law  in 
these  cases,  namely,  that  the  ridges  on 
the  east  of  the  fissures  ai  e displaced  to 
the  north  of  the  range  of  those  on  the 
west.  We  shall  see,  in  passing  through 
t^e  Delaware  Gap,  that  the  New- Jer- 
sey portion  of  the  mountain  is  several 
hundred  feet  north-west  of  the  range 
of  the  Pennsylvania  portion. 

The  distance  through  the  mountain 
is  about  2 miles,  and  the  banks  rise 
precipitously  to  the  height  of  1600  feet, 
leaving  at  the  south-east  entrance 
scarcely  room  for  a road  beneath  the 
overhanging  rocks.  The  rock  strata 
lie  at  a considerable  angle  with  the 


plane  of  the  horizon,  as  may  be  dis- 
tinctly seen  from  the  car-windows. 
They  are  made  up  principally  of  sand- 
stone and  conglomerate  rock.  The 
causes  which  have  produced  this 
mighty  upheaval  of  these  immense 
masses  of  solid  rock,  and  have  so  in- 
clined them  out  of  their  original  level 
direction,  are  a subject  of  curious 
speculation ; but,  as  geologists  have 
not  yet  obtained  sufficient  evidence  to 
become  fully  decided  on  these  points, 
we  must  for  the  present  leave  the 
matter  in  their  hands. 

The  places  of  interest  among  these 
mountains  are  numerous,  many  of 
them  connected  with  the  earlier  his- 
tory of  this  region,  especially  rich 
in  Indian  legends,  and  eventful  of  In- 
dian history. 

Ascending  the  Kittatinny  Mountain, 
on  the  left,  by  a steep  and  rugged 
path,  the  Moss  Cataract  is  a favorite 
lounging-place.  Here  a small  stream 
of  clear,  ice-cold  water  tumbles  down 
a succession  of  moss-covered  rocks, 
scattering  its  cooling  spray  in  the 
most  refreshing  manner,  while  the 
music  of  its  fall  may  be  heard  for  a 
long  distance. 

“ Lover's  Leap  ” affords  a beautiful 
and  commanding  view  of  the  Gap  and 
its  surroundings,  and  that  from  Pros- 
pect Rock  is  beyond  description.  This 
rock  is  a rugged  table  of  brown  stone, 
which  is  only  reached  after  a roug^ii 
and  tiresome  walk  up  a winding  path 
nearly  two  miles  long ; but,  when 
reached,  the  view  amply  repays  the 
toil  which  must  be  undergone  to  en- 
joy it. 

Toward  the  right  stands  the  grim 
old  Jersey  Mountain  in  all  its  solemn 
grandeur,  losing  itself  in  the  distance 
in  the  continuous  range  of  the  Blue 


Ridge,  of  which  it  is  simply  the  cot 
end  of  one  of  its  severed  portions. 
Down  in  the  valley  the  river  winds  its 
way  over  beds  of  rock,  its  blue  out- 
line broken  here  and  there  by  the 
foam  of  the  rapids. 

Toward  the  left  and  below  us  we 
see  the  railroad  station,  with  the  road 
winding  around  the  foot  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Mountain,  and  above  it  the 
Kittatinny  House,  where  visitors  can 
signal  friends  who  have  climbed  to 
this  lofty  height.  This  hotel  is  a very 
popular  resort,  and  has  among  its 
guests  many  who  stand  high  in  social, 
financial,  and  political  circles.  It  is 
located  on  a high  ledge  in  the  Gap 
itself,  and  is  reached  from  the  station 
by  carriages  which  are  always  in  wait- 
ing for  the  accommodation  of  travelers. 

Leaving  the  Gap,  we  cross  Broad- 
head’s.  Creek,  a wild  and  romantic 
stream,  and  pass  on  through  a deep 
cut  in  the  solid  rock  called  “ Rock 
Difficult  ” from  the  labor  required  in 
excavating  it.  This  rock  resembles 
flint,  and  ^80,000  were  expended  in 
cutting  a passage  through  it. 

STROUDSBURG. 

Stroudslrurg^  Monroe  Co.^  Pa. 

89  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton^  53. 

The  shire-town  of  Monroe  county, 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  Smithfield 
Creek.  The  village  is  seen  a mile 
south  of  the  station,  in  a pleasant 
valley.  It  is  laid  out  on  a single  street, 
and  has  a court-house,  a jail,  and 
other  county  buildings,  with  a popula- 
tion of  about  1500.  Here  are  several 
flour-mills.  We  have  now  left  the 
rugged  mountains  several  miles  be- 
hind, and  roll  along  a more  level  re- 
gion, soon  again  coming  alongside 


48 


of  Broadhead’s  Creek,  a winding 
stream  abounding  with  trout. 

SPRAGUEVILLE. 

Siroudsburgy  Monroe  Co.,  Pa., 

94  m./r.  N.  V.  Fr.  Scranton,  48, 
Is  situated  on  Broadhead  Creek,  in 
a wooded  region  surrounded  by  hills. 
Here  is  a tannery,  a flour-mill,  a 
church,  and  a small  village.  Com- 
mencing at  Spragueville,  the  grade 
ascends,  at  the  rate  of  65  feet  to  the 
mile,  to  the  summit  of  the  Pocono 
Mountain,  a distance  of  25  miles.'  This 
is  the  eastern  slope  of  the  great  Alle- 
ghany range.  Much  of  the  region  we 
now  traverse  is  a wilderness  covered 
with  forests,  having  here  and  there  a 
clearing  with  a small  village  on  the 
line  of  the  railroad,  or  a few  scattered 
huts  of  woodmen. 

HENRYVILLE, 

Paradise,  Monroe  Co.,  Pa., 

97  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  45, 
Is  down  in  the  valley  to  the  left,  and 
contains  a saw-mill,  a church,  several 
stores,  and  dwellings.  We  are  now 
passing  gradually  up  the  Alleghany 
slope,  and,  as  we  rise,  we  overlook  an 
extensive  wooded  country,  with  here 
and  there  a farm-house  or  a cabin. 
Pines  and  oaks  cover  this  slope,  the 
spurs  of  which  are  here  called  the 
Pocono  Mountains.  Large  quantities 
of  wood  and  timber  are  sent  from  this 
station. 

OAKLAND. 

Paradise,  Monroe  Co.,  Pa. 

102  m.fr.  N.  V.  Fr.  Scranton,  40. 

A small  station.  A hotel  is  being 
built  here.  The  village  is  a mile  east, 
and  contains  a large  tannery.  Soon 
after  leaving  here  the  railway  sweeps 


around  to  the  south  along  the  side  of 
the  mountain,  affording  a fine  view  on 
the  left  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  with 
the  Water  Gap  in  the  distance,  and 
the  broad  valley  between.  On  the 
right,  the  view  is  shut  in  by  the 
Pocono  Mountains. 

PARADISE. 

Paradise,  Monroe  Co.,  Pa., 

105  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  S cranio  >1,  37, 
Is  a small  station  where  trains  stop 
for  water.  Here  are  two  or  three 
dwellings  of  woodmen  in  the  wilder- 
ness. We  now  pass  on  up  the  steep  as- 
cent, and  through  the  Pocono  Tunnel, 
neai  the  summit  of  Pocono  Mountain. 
The  view  from  this  high  elevation  is 
magnificent,  stretching  over  a vast  wil- 
derness, 30  miles  in  extent.  Toward 
the  south,  the  Blue  Ridge  bounds  the 
horizon  for  a long  distance,  presenting 
the  appearance  of  an  immense  extend- 
ed embankment,  in  which  the  well-de- 
fined sides  of  the  Delaware  Water  Gap 
distinctly  appear.  Nearer  to  us  are 
seen  a succession  of  smaller  ridges  of 
the  same  mountain  system.  Here  we 
make  another  sweep  around  to  the 
west,  and  arrive  at 

POCONO  FORK. 

Coolbaugh,  Monroe  Co.,  Pa. 

108  m.fr,  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  34. 
' So  called  from  its  being  the  diverg- 
ing place  of  two  carriage-roads,  the 
one  leading  north  to  Sterling,  and 
the  other  north-west  to  Clifton.  Here 
are  a few  dwellings  in  a lonely  region. 
Pine,  oak,  ash,  and  cherry  are  the 
principal  kinds  of  timber  that  abound, 
many  of  the  trees  measuring  7 and  8 
feet  in  diameter,  and  rising  to  the 
height  of  more  than  xoo  feet.  Hem- 


49 


lock  of  great  size  is  also  found  in  this 
vicinity. 

After  passing  this  station  we  begin 
to  cross  small  streams  running  toward 
the  west,  which  are  tributary  to  the 
Lehigh  River.  The  course  of  the 
railroad  changes  to  a little  west  of 
north. 

TOBYHANNA. 

Coolbaugk^  Monroe  Co.y  Pa.^ 
115  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  ScratUon,  27, 

Is  on  the  top  of  the  mountain,  a 
small  village  which  has  been  built  up 
by  the  lumber  business.  On  the  right 
is  a small  lake,  usually  covered  with 
logs,  and  on  its  west  bank  is  a large 
steam  saw-mill  with  immense  piles  of 
lumber,  near  the  railroad.  Coolbaugh 
has  a church,  a store,  and  thirty  or 
forty  dwellings.  The  soil  here  is  bar- 
ren, and  but  little  of  it  has  been  clear- 
ed. The  grade  now  changes  to  a de- 
scending one,  and  we  pass  on  through 
rugged  forest  scenery  for  many  miles. 

GOULDSBOROUGH. 

Sierlingy  Wayne  Co.^  Pa.^ 

121  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton^  2 1, 

In  the  south-west  comer  of  Wayne 
county,  is  in  a lumber  region,  and 
has  a steam  saw-mill,  a hotel,  and  a 
few  dwellings.  Large  quantities  of 
bark  are  sent  from  this  station  for  tan- 
ning hides.  The  streams  in  this  vicini- 
ty abound  with  trout.  The  village  of 
Clifton  is  three  or  four  miles  west  of 
this  station.  A few  miles  further  on  w'e 
enter  the  valley  of  Roaring  Brook,  and 
continue  in  it  on  a descending  grade  till 
we  reach  Scranton.  It  is  very  small 
when  we  first  encounter  it,  but  rapidly 
increases  as  we  descend. 


MOSCOW. 

Madison,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

129  m.  fr.  N.Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  13. 

Hotels — Moscow,  and  Delaware^ 
Lackawanna,  and  Western. 

A village  of  greater  pretensions  than 
any  we  have  passed  since  leaving 
Stroudsburg.  It  has,  however,  grown 
up  within  nine  years.  It  is  engaged 
principally  in  the  lumber  business. 
Here  are  two  churches  and  several 
stores.  Numbers  of  sportsmen  visit 
this  locality  to  enjoy  the  hunting  and 
fishing.  Large  quantities  of  lumber 
are  sent  south  from  here.  As  we  de- 
scend toward  the  Lackaw'anna  we  find 
the  country  more  and  more  cleared  up 
and  settled,  although  the  numerous 
stumps  that  dot  the  fields  show  that 
not  many  years  ago  this  was  a primeval 
forest. 

DUNNING. 

Madison,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

132  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  10. 

Here  is  a very  large  tannery  and 
a saw-mill,  around  which  has  grown 
up  a small  village.  On  the  other  side, 
or  east  of  Roaring  Brook,  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Coal  Company’s  Railroad  will  be 
noticed,  extending  from  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  near  Pittston,  to  Hawley 
on  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal, 
forty-seven  miles.  This  road  was  com- 
pleted in  1850,  and  consists  of  two 
tracks,  diverging  in  some  parts  to  a 
distance  of  tw'o  or  three  miles;  one, 
called  the  loaded  track,  being  for  the 
convej^nce  of  cars  loaded  with  coal ; 
and  the  other,  called  the  light  track, 
for  the  return  of  the  empty  cars.  The 
company  owning  this  road  mine,  ship 
to  market,  and  sell  imrae,nse  quantities 
of  anthracite  coal.  The  Hawley 


50 


Branch  of  the  Erie  Railway,  construct- 
ed in  1862,  extends  from  Hawley  to 
Lackawaxen  on  the  Eric  Railway  22 
miles,  affording  an  outlet  to  the  sea- 
board all  the  way  by  railroad,  besides 
that  of  the  Canal.  The  road  has  been 
provided  with  engines  and  cars  suffi- 
cient to  meet  the  requirements  of  a 
coal  traffic  which  amounted,  in  i866,  to 
about  700,000  tons.  This  was  forward- 
ed over  the  Erie  Railway  to  Newburg, 
Piermont,  and  Jersey  City. 

GREENVILLE. 

yeffersotty  Luzerne  Co.t  Pa. 

134  m.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Scranton,  8. 

A small  way-station,  with  several 
saw-mills.  Passing  through  a short 
tunnel,  we  now  enter  upon  a rapidly 
descending  grade,  requiring  no  steam 
to  propel  the  train,  but  rather  an  appli- 
cation of  the  brakes  to  moderate  its 
speed. 

On  the  right  we  pass  a large  colliery, 
at  what  is  called  “ The  Notch,”  and  on 
the  opposite  side  an  iron  mine,  having  a 
branch  track  running  to  it,  on  the  steep 
bank  of  a ravine,  in  which  runs  the 
Roaring  Brook,  and  which,  just  before 
reaching  Scranton,  tumbles  down  a 
rocky  precipice,  forming  a beautiful 
and  romantic  cascade. 

Soon  Scranton,  far  beneath  us  in  the 
valley  of  the  Lackawanna  River,  comes 
in  view  with  its  iron  furnaces  and  smok- 
ing chimneys,  which  we  pass  on  ap- 
proaching the  depot.  The  contrast 
now  presented  between  the  vast  unin- 
habited region  which  we  have  traversed 
and  this  pleasant  valley  is  very  strik- 
ing. Here  the  traveler  may  well  lin- 
ger and  spend  several  days  in  visiting 
the  immense  iron  works,  coal  mines, 
and  various  objects  of  interest  that 
abound  in  this  locality. 


SCRANTON. 

Scranton,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

142  miles  from  New- York. 

Hotel — Wyoming  House. 

The  Lackawanna  Valley  owes  its  | 
earliest  explorations  to  the  Moravians,  f 
who  fled  from  Moravia,  in  Germany,  to 
escape  persecution,  and  made  the  first 
settlement  in  Pennsylvania  in  1740. 
That  part  of  it  upon  which  Scranton 
is  located  was  first  known  as  ” Capouse 
Meadow,”  from  the  name  of  the  chief 
of  a tribe  of  the  Delawares  who  dwelt 
upon  these  flats. 

It  lies  in  the  valley  of  the  Lacka- 
wanna River,  with  the  Moosic  Moun- 
tains on  the  east,  and  the  Lackawan- 
nock  on  the  west,  rising  around  it  by 
gentle  slopes  at  first,  and  by  more 
steep  and  precipitous  elevations  in  the 
further  ascent.  Roaring  Brook,  or  the 
Nayang  River,  rising  among  the  moun- 
tains on  the  south-east,  winds  its  way 
downward  to  this  valley,  and  here 
unites  with  the  Lackawanna.  Upon 
the  banks  of  this  stream,  Philip  Ab- 
bott, in  1788,  built  the  first  grist-mill 
in  the  neighborhood,  which  supplied 
the  demands  of  Luzerne  and  several 
adjacent  counties. 

The  earliest  settlers  in  this  valley 
were  emigrants  from  Windham  county, 
Connecticut.  In  1798,  Benjamin  and 
Ebenezer  Slocum,  brothers  of  little 
Frances,  whose  abduction  from  Wyo- 
ming when  she  was  but  five  years  of 
age  is  a matter  of  tradition,  settled 
here,  and  bought  1700  acres  of  land, 
including  the  old  grist-mill ; erected  a 
saw-mill,  a forge,  and  a distillery.  This 
tract  was  long  known  as  the  Slocum 
Farm. 

The  preeminence  of  the  Slocum  ^ 
Brothers  here  caused  the  name  of  “ Slo- 
cum Hollow”  to  take  the  place  of  “ Ca- 


pouse  Meadow.”  In  1810,  there  were 
but  three  dwellings  in  the  town,  though 
a post-office  had  been  established,  the 
mail  being  brought  on  horseback  over 
I the  mountains  from  Easton  once  a 
week. 

The  city  of  Scranton  owes  its  growth 
mainly  to  the  efforts  of  the  friends 
of  the  “ Drinker  Railroad”  to  get  it  con- 
structed. William  Henry^  who  was 
the  first  man  that  fully  appreciated  the 
importance  of  a speedy  communication 
with  market  by  railroad,  in  partnership 
with  Edward  Armstrongs  purchased 
here  800  acres  of  land.  Soon  after, 
Armstrong  died,  and  in  August,  1840, 
George  and  Selden  Scranton  and  San- 
ford Grant  came  here,  and  entered 
into  partnership  with  Mr.  Henry,  pur- 
chasing the  entire  Slocum  estate. 

In  September,  this  company  com- 
menced the  erection  of  a blast  furnace. 
The  products  of  the  furnace  were  sent 
to  market  by  the  Delaware  and  Hud- 
son Canal  or  by  the  North  Branch 
and  Tide-Water  Canal,  but  in  both 
cases  had  to  be  conveyed  miles  by 
wagon  to  reach  these  avenues  of  trans- 
portation. 

In  1844,  the  first  rolling-mill  was 
completed,  and  here,  in  1845,  the  T 
rail  for  railroads  was  first  made  in  the 
United  States.  Two  years  after  this, 
the  Erie  Railroad  Company  contracted 
with  the  Scran  tons  for  1200  tons  of  iron 
rails,  and  thenceforward  the  demands 
upon  this  new  company  constantly  in- 
creased. 

The  honor  of  the  inception  of  a rail- 
road from  Great  Bend  to  the  Delaware 
Water  Gap  belongs  to  Colonel  George 
W.  Scranton.  In  1853,  the  present  line 
was  adopted,  and  in  1856  the  first  lo- 
comotive rolled  from  Scranton  to  the 
Delaware  River.  Since  then  the 


I 

growth  of  the  place  has  been  most 
rapid,  and  the  larger  part  of  this  city 
has  been  built. 

A fine  view  of  the  city  is  obtained 
from  the  high  bluff  near  the  Baptist 
church  in  Hyde  Park,  where  the 
charming  and  interesting  panorama 
that  is  spread  out  before  him  will  am- 
ply compensate  the  tourist  for  the  trou- 
ble of  the  ascent. 

The  huge,  round,  slate-roofed  en- 
gine-house resembles  somewhat  the 
Roman  Colosseum,  while  the  immense 
furnaces  and  work-shops,  the  nume- 
rous fine  private  residences,  elegant 
churches,  and  handsome  stores  make 
up  a busy  and  brilliant  foreground, 
which  contrasts  finely  with  the  deep 
green  of  the  surrounding  forests,  and 
the  purple  of  the  sharply  defined 
mountain  ranges  which  shut  in  this 
wonderful  valley. 

Collieries  may  be  seen  in  different 
directions  on  the  sides  of  the  valleys, 
with  mountains  of  coal-dirt  heaped  up 
around  them,  and  long  trains  of  cars 
loaded  with  the  “black  diamonds” 
winding  along  the  numerous  railroads. 

Scranton  was  incorporated  as  a city 
in  1866,  and  incl  udes  within  its  limits 
the  villages  of  Hyde  Park  and  Provi- 
dence, comprising  twelve  wards  in  all. 
Its  streets  are  wide  and  regularly  laid 
out.  It  is  lighted  with  gas  and  sup- 
plied with  water,  has  four  smelting 
furnaces,  two  rolling-mills,  two  ax  and 
scythe  manufactories,  two  stove  foun- 
dries, three  planing-mills,  four  banks, 
four  flour-mills,  three  saw-mills,  and 
six  breweries  and  distilleries.  There 
are  also  twenty-four  churches  and  four 
academies. 

A horse-railroad  connects  the  centre 
of  the  city  of  Scranton  with  Provi- 
dence, its  most  northerly  portion.  In 


52 


Scranton  is  also  the  junction  of  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna,  and  Western 
Railroad  with  the  Lackawanna  and 
Bloomsburg  and  the  Lehigh  Coal  and 
Navigation  Company’s  Railroad,  af- 
fording railway  communications  with 
all  parts  of  the  country. 

Iron  Works. 

No  one  who  visits  Scranton  should 
fail  to  visit  the  iron  works  here.  They 
are  immense  in  size,  and  capable  of 
smelting  70,000  tons  of  metal  annually. 
Their  size  may  be  inferred  from  that 
of  the  boshes,^^  which  are  fifteen, 
seventeen,  eighteen,  and  even  twenty 
feet  in  diameter  and  fifty  feet  high. 

Into  these  furnaces  air  is  forced  by 
double  engines  with  connected  lever- 
beams.  Two  of  these  are  of  eight  hun- 
dred and  two  of  twelve  hundred  horse- 
power. But  one  larger  pair  is  to  be 
found  in  the  country. 

Steam  cylinders  of  the  first  pair  are 
fifty-four  inches  in  diameter  with  ten 
feet  stroke.  The  large  fly-wheel  which 
regulates  the  movements  of  this  enor- 
mous apparatus  weighs  40,000  pounds. 
The  other  pair  of  engines  has  a fly- 
wheel twenty-eight  feet  in  diameter, 
weighing  75,000  pounds. 

Just  above  these  furnaces  are  the 
puddling  and  rolling-mills.  The  ore, 
most  of  which  is  brought  from  Corn- 
wall, Pennsylvania,  is  first  smelted 
and  run  into  pig-iron,  after  which  k is 
ready  for  “ puddling  ” 

This  process  consists  in  heating  the 
bars  of  pig-iron  to  a high  degree,  and 
then  working  the  metal  by  a sort  of 
kneading  process  with  iron  bars  until 
it  crumbles  and  dissolves,  becoming  a 
seetning  melted  mass.  After  contin- 
uing the  heating  and  puddling  for  a 
while  longer,  it  becomes  less  fluid  and 


appears  “sticky,”  when  it  is  massed 
into  balls  weighing  about  a hundred 
pounds,  which  are  then  taken  by  boys 
and  conveyed  upon  little  wagons  called 
“ buggies,”  to  the  “ crocodile,”  which* 
with  its  massive  iron  jaws  constantly 
opening  and  closing,  squeezes  them  into 
cylindrical  shapes  convenient  for  the  j 
rolling^  which  immediately  follows. 

By  this  process,  which  consists  in 
passing  the  masses  of  hot  iron  between 
a succession  of  rollers,  they  are  con- 
verted'into  long,  slender  bars;  these 
are  cut  into  pieces  about  three  feet  in 
length.  These  pieces  are  then  placed 
in  piles  about  eight  inches  square,  with 
those  bars  which  are  made  of  the  best 
iron  upon  the  top,  to  make  the  top  of 
the  rail,  and  inferior  iron  in  the  centre. 
They  are  then  placed  in  furnaces  and 
subjected  to  an  intense  heat,  until  the 
separate  bars  forming  a pile  are  all 
fused  together,  so  that  they  can  be 
handled  as  one  mass.  Each  pile  is 
then  rolled  between  rollers  of  the  re- 
quired form  into  a rail,  which,  being 
sawed  off  the  proper  length  while  still 
hot,  straightened  and  notched  for  the 
spikes,  is  ready  for  use. 

These  mills  and  furnaces  consume 
a hundred  thousand  tons  of  coal  an- 
nually, and  employ  about  1200  men. 
Their  appearance  by  night,  when  each 
chimney  is  surmounted  by  a crown  of 
flame,  and  the  gleaming  fires  and  lu- 
minous iron  contrasting  strongly  with 
the  surrounding  darkness,  reminds  one  f 
of  Vulcan’s  infernal  realm  and  the  my-  ' 
thic  forges  over  which  he  presided. 

The  visitor,  as  he  gazes  on  the  mas- 
sive furnace  stacks,  pouring  out  day 
after  day  huge  piles  of  crude  or  fin-^ 
ished  iron,  from  the  ponderous  bar  to 
the  slender  bolt,  and  sees  the  smooth  ^ 
yet  resistless  motion  of  one  of  the 


53 


largest  stationary  engines  on  the  Ame- 
rican continent,  can  not  fail  to  be  in- 
terested and  gratified  especially  with 
the  indications  of  skill,  enterprise,  and 
p good  management  everywhere  dis- 
^j)layed. 

K ' The  most  important  and  interesting 
feature  of  Scranton  is  the  fact  that  it 
, lies  in  the  centre  of  a great  coal  re- 
^ gion^  from  which  will  be  drawn  the 
source  of  motive-power  not  only  for  the 
works  here,  but  for  all  parts  of  the 
country.  Numerous  collieries  are 


ready  opened  throughout  the  region. 
The  traveler  should  not  omit  to  visit 
some  of  the  mines  in  the  vicinity.  The 
superintendents  of  these  are  generally 
intelligent  and  kind,  and  will  use  every 
endeavor  to  make  a visit  into  the 
mines  pleasant  and  free  from  danger 
or  annoyance. 

A description  of  the  different  modes 
of  mining  the  coal,  which,  though  sim- 
ple, are  very  interesting,  will  be  found 
in  another  part  of  this  Guide. 


Paris  Exposition,  July,  1867. 


THE  HIGHEST  PRIZE  FOR 


TO  WIT : THE 


FIRST  SILVER  MEDAL 

WAS  AWARDED  TO  THE 

Florence  Sewing  Machine  Co. 

KO  “GOLD”  MEDAL  HAS  BEEN  AWARDED  TO  ANY  SEWING  MACHINE  CO.  AT  SAID 
^CXPOSITION,  EXCEPT  FOR  A MACHINE  TO  MAKE  BUTTON  HOLES. 


Blin$  Howe,  Jr.,  receives  the  well  merited  Honor  of  a Gold  Medal— not  for  hit  MACHINE,  but  for  hit 
tervicet  to  the  world  at  an  INVENTOR  and  DESIGNER.  See  Committee's  Report. 

We  think  this  award  should  satisfy  every  candid  person  that  the  FLOREITCE 
is  just  what  we  have  all  along  claimed  for  it,  viz.  : 

The  Best  Family  Sewing  Machine  in  the  World. 

There  were  upwards  of  Eighty  Competitors,  but  by  the  award  of  the 
Committee  the  FLORENCE  takes  precedence  over  all  others  of  all  nations. 

FLORENCE  SEWING  MACHINE  CO., 

^015  IX.  Y 


Lehigh  and  Sus2Uehanna 
Railroad. 

SCRANTON  TO  WILKESBARRE,  i8  MILES. 

The  railroad  between  these  two  points  is  owned  in  part 
by  the  Union  Coal  Company^  and  in  part  by  the  Nan* 
ticoke  Railroad  Company,  The  Lehigh  Coal  and  Naviga- 
tion Company,  who  own  the  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  have,  however,  purchased  nearly  the  entire  stock 
of  the  latter  company,  and  have  obtained  the  exclusive 
right  to  run  freight  and  passenger  trains,  and  all  coal  trains 
running  west  over  the  former  company’s  road,  which  ex- 
tends from  a point  on  the  Nan  ticoke  Railroad  about  five 
miles  east  of  Wilkesbarre,  to  connect  with  the  Delaware 
and  Hudson  Canal  Company’s  Railroad  at  Providence,  six 
miles  beyond  Scranton. 

The  Lehigh  Coal  and  Navigation  Company  have  recent- 
ly completed  their  line  from  Wilkesbarre  to  Mauch  Chunk, 
and  have  nearly  completed  its  extension  from  Mauch 
Chunk  to  Easton,  thus  forming  a continuous  line  from 
Scranton  to  Easton.  The  latter  part  of  this  line  is  to  be 
laid  with  Bessemer  steel  rails. 


SCRANTON  STATION. 

The  new  passenger  station  of  the 
Lehigh  and  Susquehanna  Railroad  is 
west  of  that  of  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna, and  Western  Railroad,  and  on 


the  bank  of  the  Lackawanna  River, 
Leaving  this  station,  we  pass  along  the 
east  bank  of  this  stream,  in  full  view 
of  the  Scranton  iron  works  and  the 
city  itself,  rising  along  the  slopci  of  tho 


valley.  Near  the  river  and  railway 
we  pass  a number  of  coal-mines  with 
their  coal-breakers  and  immense  piles 
of  coal-dirt  and  slate.  It  is  the  coal 
that  constitutes  the  chief  wealth  of  this 
valley,  the  agricultural  resources  of  it 
being  only  partially  developed.  On 
the  left  we  pass  the  Wyoming  and 
Lackawanna  Coal  Company’s  Mines ; 
and  across  the  river,  on  the  right,  are 
seen  the  mines  of  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna, and  Western  Railroad  Com- 
pany. 

MINOOKA. 

Lackawanna^  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 
^m.fr. Scranton.  Fr.  lVilkesharre,\^. 

A small  mining  village  in  the  vicini- 
ty of  several  collieries,  containing  a 
few  stores  and  a hotel. 

SPRING  BROOK. 

Pittston,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa., 

Bm  fr. Scranton.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,  1 2, 
On  Spring  Brook,  a small  tributary 
of  the  Lackawanna,  is  a wild  settlement 
of  miners,  some  eight  miles  south-east 
of  the  station,  beyond  the  mountains, 
which  form  the  boundary  of  the  coal 
basis. 

PITTSTON. 

Pittston,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa., 

\Bm  fr. Scranton.  Fr.  Wilke sbarre,B, 
Is  seen  in  the  valley,  on  the  right  of 
the  railroad,  as  we  approach  the  sta- 
tion. It  is  a thriving  town,  situated 
just  below  where  the  Lackawanna 
River  empties  into  the  Susquehanna, 
and  at  the  head  of  the  Wyoming  Val- 
ley, in  the  vicinity  of  rich  mines  of 
coal,  and  owes  its  rapid  growth  chiefly 
to  the  mining  operations  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Coal  Company.  Here  are 
extensive  iron  works,  a national  bank, 


several  churches,  and  fine  residences. 
The  West  Branch  Canal  passes 
through  Pittston.  On  the  west  of  the 
town  rises  the  beautiful  Lackawannock 
range  of  mountains. 

The  Wyoming  Valley, 

Which  we  have  now  entered,  is  replete 
with  historic  associations,  carrying  us 
back  to  the  hardships  of  its  early  set- 
tlers, and  the  terrible  and  bloody 
struggle  for  American  independence. 
It  lies  along  the  banks  of  the  Susque- 
hanna, between  two  parallel  ranges  of 
mountains,  extending  from  the  north- 
east to  the  south-west,  and  rising  on 
the  east  to  the  height  of  looo  feet,  and 
on  the  west  about  800  feet.  While 
within  these  ranges  all  the  land  is 
underlaid  with  a greater  or  less  num- 
ber of  veins  of  coal,  outside  of  them 
none  is  found.  The  Wyoming  valley 
is  about  3 miles  wide  and  25  long,  and 
abounds  in  romantic  scenery  and  plea- 
sant drives. 

Like  the  Lackawanna,  this  valley 
was  settled  by  emigrants  from  Connec- 
ticut, who  were  opposed  in  their  pos- 
session of  the  soil  by  some  of  the 
Pennsylvania  landholders,  and  this  re- 
sulted in  what  was  called  the  “ Yankee 
and  Pennamite  war.”  What  the  Penn- 
sylvanians desired  was  to  establish 
here  a kind  of  feudal  system,  retaining 
the  social  and  political  power  in  the 
hands  of  a few.  The  “ Yankees  ” 
could  never  submit  to  such  principles, 
and  hence  the  animosity  between  the 
two  parties  was  exceedingly  bitter,  re- 
sulting in  embarrassment  to  the  set- 
tlers, and  in  bloodshed. 

The  war  of  the  Revolution,  how- 
ever, put  an  end  to  these  animosities, 
when  common  liberties  were  at  stake, 
and  common  dangers  imperiled  th» 


lives  and  interests  of  all.  The  British, 
in  1778,  had  determined  to  make  use 
of  the  Indians  in  this  contest ; and,  at 
the  solicitation  of  their  agents,  a body 
of  Iroquois  joined  a band  of  tories  un- 
der Colonel  John  Butler,  and  advanced 
toward  Wyoming,  easily  capturing 
.Fort  Wintermoot,  at  the  head  of  the 
valley,  which  contained  a population 
of  several  thousand,  but  had  contri- 
buted so  largely  to  the  patriot  army 
that  few  able-bodied  men  were  left  for 
its  defense.  The  account  of  the  con- 
flict is  as  follows : As  the  ruthless  in- 
vaders approached,  the  women  and 
children  flocked  from  the  surrounding 
region  to  a fort  near  the  present  site 
of  Wilkesbarre,  called  “ Forty  Fort,” 
while  300  men,  with  a few  boys,  under 
Zebulon  Butler,  advanced  to  meet  the 
enemy. 

The  Americans  fought  bravely,  and 
even  gained  ground,  till  one  of  the 
officers,  wishing  to  take  a more  favor- 
able position  in  the  rear,  bade  his  men 
“fall  back.”  The  order  was  misun- 
derstood,' and  the  unfortunate  word 
“ retreat”  passed  along  the  lines.  Panic 
seized  the  soldiers,  and  a general  flight 
ensued.  Many  were  shot  and  toma- 
hawked as  they  ran,  some  threw  them- 
selves into  the  river,  a few  escaped  to 
the  fort,  where  the  helpless  women  were 
screaming  with  terror.  That  night  the 
Indians  held  possession  of  the  battle- 
field, and  tortured  their  prisoners  with 
ail  the  cruelties  that-  savage  cunning 
could  invent.  Captain  Bidlack  was 
thrown  alive  on  burning  coals,  and 
kept  there  with  pitchforks  till  he  ex- 
pired. Six  prisoners  were  ranged  near 
a stone  bn  the  river  bank,  and  held  by 
savages  while  Queen  Esther,  an  old 


;6 

Seneca  half-breed,  walked  round  them 
in  a circle,  singing  the  death-song  like 
an  infuriated  demon,  striking  them 
with  her  club  and  hatchet  till  every 
man  was  killed.  This  stone  is  a con- 
glomerate boulder,  about  a foot  and  a 
half  high,  and  still  is  called  Queen 
Esther’s  Rock. 

The  next  day  the  fort  was  invested, 
and  surrendered  to  the  British  leader 
on  his  promise  to  protect  its  defense- 
less occupants ; but  no  sooner  were 
the  savages  admitted,  than  they  glutted 
their  thirst  for  .blood  by  tomahawking 
and  scalping  all  whom  they  met.  The 
unfortunate  people  of  Wyoming  were 
compelled  to  flee  to  distant  and  securer 
settlements.  F ew  survived  the  horrors 
of  the  flight.  Some  escaped  the  red 
man’s  knife  only  to  find  a slower  death 
from  exposure  and  fatigue.  Distracted 
mothers  hurried  their  children  through 
the  wilderness  ; and,  when  their  little 
ones  fainted  and  died,  bore  their  lifeless 
bodies  many  a weary  mile  to  save  them 
from  the  hungry  wolves.  Such  were 
the  frightful  scenes  that  laid  this  love- 
ly valley  desolate,  and  have  hallowed 
its  name  and  soil. 

A prominent  object  of  interest  in 
the  vicinity  of  Pittston  is  Campbell’s 
Ledge,  a crowning  bluff  of  the  moun- 
tain which  rises  between  the  Lacka- 
wanna and  Susquehanna  Pv.ivers.  Its 
name  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a tra- 
dition that  a Mr.  Campbell  once  leaped 
from  it  to  escape  pursuing  Indians. 
Others  think  that  it  is  named  from  the 
poet  Campbell,  who  made  this  valley 
illustrious  through  his  Gert-mde  of 
Wyoming.  The  view  from  this  ledge 
is  one  of  the  most  complete  to  be  found 
in  the  whole  vicinity. 


57 


YATESVILLE. 

yenkins,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

W m.  fr.  Scranton.  Fr.  W ilkes- 
barre,  7. 

A small  mining  village  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  Union  and  Pine  Ridge  Col- 
lieries, which  are  seen  on  the  left  of 
the  railway. 

MILL  CREEK. 

Plains,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

15  tn.fr.  Scranton,  Fr.  Wilkes- 
barre,  3. 

On  Mill  Creek,  a tributary  of  the 
Susquehanna.  Here  are  a colliery  and 
several  saw-mills.  In  this  vicinity  are 
some  good  farms.  The  mountains  on 
either  side  of  the  valley  form  a beauti- 
ful feature  of  the  landscape.  As  the 
train  approaches  Wilkesbarre,  we  pass 
under  a number  of  coal-shutes,  where 
the  coal  frt>m  the  neighboring  mines  is 
loaded  into  the  boats  of  the  Susque- 
hanna Canal,  or  railroad  cars,  to  be 
sent  east  and  south. 

WILKESBARRE. 

Wilkesbarre,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

18  m.  fr.  Scranton. 

Hotels. — Wyoming  Pkenix 

Houses. 

The  capital  of  Luzerne  county  is 
situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  in 
the  beautiful  Wyoming  Valley,  com- 
manding a fine  view  of  river  and 
mountain  scenery.  It  is  laid  out  with 
considerable  regularity,  having  wide, 
well-shaded  streets,  with  a public 
square  and  court-house  near  the  cen- 
tre. It  was  settled  by  the  Susquehan- 
na Land  Company  of  Connecticut  in 
1773,  and  in  some  respects  resembles 
many  of  the  quiet  New- England  towns. 


It  contains  several  churches  and  aca- 
demies, three  or  four  banks,  a large 
rolling-mill,  an  iron  furnace,  a scale 
manufactory,  and  other  works  of  less 
importance. 

What  gives  greater  prominence  to 
this  town,  however,  Is  its  coal  works, 
the  beds  here  being  among  the  thick- 
est in  the  State.  Above  the  town  are 
3 large  collieries,  while  below  are  4 or 
5 more,  from  which  immense  quantities 
of  coal  are  dug  annually,  and  sent  to 
market. 

In  the  rooms  of  the  Historical  So- 
ciety is  a museum  of  curiosities  and 
historical  relics  which  will  interest  a 
visitor. 

Among  the  principal  attractions  for 
tourists  is  '’''Prospect  Rock,'"  upon  the 
mountain  directly  back  of  Wilkesbarre. 
It  is  accessible  by  means  of  a carriage 
to  within  200  yards.  The  view  in- 
cludes a large  part  of  the  entire  valley, 
and  is  one  of  such  rare  beauty  that,  once 
seen,  can  never  be  forgotten.  So  vari- 
ed and  extended  is  the  prospect,  so  rich 
in  all  that  can  inspire  and  fill  the  soul 
with  the  love  of  the  beautiful,  that 
one  seems  to  be  translated  to  another 
sphere  while  looking  down  upon  this 
magnificent  panorama.  In  its  vicinity 
is  a fine  hotel  for  the  accommodation 
of  those  wishing  to  spend  some  time 
among  the  mountains. 

The  Wyoming  Monument,  erected 
to  commemorate  the  great  disaster  of 
the  battle  of  Wyoming,  and  to  preserve 
and  honor  the  names  of  the  brave  sol- 
diers who  fell,  as  well  as  those  who 
survived,  stands  near  the  old  battle- 
field, within  the  township  of  Kingston, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  river.  It  was 
erected  in  1832  through  the  exertions 
of  the  ladies  of  Wyoming,  and  is  a 
granite  obelisk  62^^  feet  high.  Upoi 


marble  slabs  in  front  and  Jn  two  sides  | 
are  inscriptions  recording  the  events 
of  the  battle  and  the  names  of  the  fall- 
en, under  the  line  of  Horace,  “ Dulce 
et  decorum  est  pro  patria  mori.”  A 
little  belov/  this  monument  is  the  site 
of  old  F ort  F orty. 

Harvey's  Lake^  about  12  miles 
north-west  of  Wilkesbarre,  under  the 
slope  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  is  a 
favorite  resort.  This  lake  abounds 
with  fish,  while  the  surrounding  wood- 
lands contain  deer  and  a variety  of  wild 
game.  The  view  here  is  very  beauti- 
ful. A hotel  called  the  Lake  House 
has  been  erected  in  its  vidnity. 


I A bridge  across  the  Susquehanna 
connects  Wilkesbarre  with  Kingston. 
Horse-cars  and  omnibuses  are  in  wait- 
ing at  the  station  of  the  Lehigh  and 
Susquehanna  Railroad  on  arrival  of 
trains,  to  convey  passengers  to  various 
parts  of  the  town. 

The  Lackawanna  and  Bloomsbury 
Railroad,  passing  through  Kingston, 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  connects  it  with  Scranton 
on  the  east  and  Northumberland  on 
the  west,  where  connections  are  made 
with  the  great  through  lines,  north, 
south,  east,  and  west 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 


WILKESBARRE  TO  EASTON,  loi  MILES. 

This  railroad  is  now  completed  from  Easton  to  Wilkes- 
barre,  and  an  extension  is  to  be  constructed  from  Wilkes- 
barre,  up  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  to 
Waverley,  on  the  Erie  Railway,  in  New- York,  where  it  will 
connect  with  lines  running  north,  east,  and  west. 

From  Wilkesbarre  to  Easton,  after  making  a great  de- 
tour to  the  west,  in  order  to  get  over  the  mountain  ridge, 
it  runs  parallel  with  the  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna  Rail- 
road, generally  on  the  opposite  river  bank.  The  two 
roads  cross  each  other  several  times  between  their  ter- 
minations. 


SOXJTH-WILKESBARRE. 

Wilkesbarre^  Luzerne  Co..,  Pa, 
175  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,!. 
In  the  southern  part  of  the  town,  on 
the  Susquehanna  Canal,  which  here 
for  a while  runs  parallel  with  the  rail- 
road. 

SUGAR  NOTCH. 

Hanover,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

172  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,^. 

Here  is  the  Sugar  Notch  Colliery 
of  “ Parish  & Thomas,”  with  a small 
number  of  dwellings.  We  are  now 
passing  up  an  ascending  grade,  which 
varies  from  6o  to  96  feet  to  the  mile  in 
climbing  to  the  summit  of  the  moun- 
tains, and  often  through  deep  cuts  in 
the  solid  rock. 


WARRIOR  RUN. 

Hattover,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

170  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,^. 

This  station  derives  its  name  from  a 
small  creek  running  into  the  Susque- 
hanna. 

NEWPORT  STATION. 

• Newport,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

167  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre, 
The  view  at  this  station  is  magiiifi- 
cent  beyond  description.  The  railroad 
has  here  climbed  nearly  to  the  summit 
of  the  mountain,,  and  the  entire  Wyo- 
ming Valley,  in  all  its  romantic  beau- 
ty, is  spread  out  in  a broad  panorama. 
The  silvery  Susquehanna  may  be  seen 
meandering  among  the  green  meadows 
and  fertile  fields  for  twenty  miles,  en- 


6o 


tering  the  mountain  ridge,  which  forms 
the  north  wall  of  this  lovely  valley, 
through  the  Lackawannock  Gap,  a little 
north  of  Pittston,  and  leaving  it  again 
at  the  Nanticoke  Gap,  near  Shick- 
shinny. 

Pleasant  towns  and  villages  are  in- 
terspersed throughout  the  valley,  with 
ah  occasional  colliery  to  indicate  the 
mineral  wealth  beneath  the  surface, 
and  the  w'hole  ground-picture  is  in- 
closed in  a beautiful  border  or  frame 
of  blue  mountains.  On  the  left  Solo- 
mon’s Gap  is  seen,  where  the  Lehigh 
and  Susquehanna  Railway  originally 
conveyed  their  cars  directly  over  the 
mountains  by  a series  of  planes.  This 
route  is  only  used  now  for  heavy  coal- 
trains,  the  necessity  of  the  planes  for 
the  lighter  trains  being  avoided  by  a 
detour  for  the  purpose  of  making  a 
gradual  ascent  somewhat  similar  to  the 
one  we  have  just  made,  its  direction, 
however,  being  toward  the  east  in- 
stead of  the  west.  The  great  loups 
formed  by  the  two  roads  are  thus  some 
nine  miles  each  in  length,  while  they 
only  accomplish  a direct  distance  of 
two  or  three  miles. 

FAIKVIEW. 

Wright^  Luzerne  Co.^  Pa. 

1 59  m./r.N.  V.  Fr.  Wilkesharre,  1 7. 

'On  the  summit  of  the  rnountain.  Here 
we  cross  the  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna 
Railroad.  A wild  view  stretches  far 
southward,  among  mountains  wooded 
with  oak  and  pine,  uninhabited,  save 
by  a few  woodmen,  and  forming  a vast 
wilderness.  We  now  begin  to  descend, 
winding  romantically  around  wooded 
slopes ; and  in  places  the  grade  is  such 
that  the  brakes  are  occasionally  applied 
to  the  train  to  moderate  its  speed. 


NESCOPEC  STATION. 

W rights  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 

156  nt.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,  20. 
So-called  from  its  being  the  junction 
of  the  Nescopec  Branch  Railroad.  It 
is  also  a stopping-place  for  water.  A 
few  cabins  of  workmen,  recently  erect- 
ed and  unpainted,  constitute  the  pre- 
sent settlement.  Again  we  cross  the 
Lehigh  and  Susquehanna  Railroad. 

CRANBERRY  MARSH. 

Denison,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 
149w./nW.r.  Fr.mikesbarre,27, 
Here  is  a small  station  with  a few 
rude  huts.  We  now  cross  a marsh  on 
an  embankment,  which,  a short  time 
after  completion,  sank  into  the  marsh 
65  feet,  pressing  up  the  clay  on  both 
sides  of  it 

The  rock  formation  here  is  a red 
sandstone,  with  sandstone  shales. 
Lumber  to  some  extent  is  sent  from 
this  locality.  Soon  we  come  in  sight 
of  the  Lehigh  River,  along  whose 
bank  we  proceed  the  remainder  of  the 
way  to  Easton. 

WHITE  HAVEN, 

Denison,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa., 

nt.fr.  N.Y.  Fr.  Wilke sbarre,^0. 
Hotel — The  Phoenix, 

Is  a flourishing  borough  situated  on 
the  Lehigh  River,  25  miles  above 
Mauch  Chunk.  Its  settlement  was 
commenced  in  1835,  and  it  received  its 
name  from  Josiah  White.  The  lum- 
ber business  is  the  most  prominent. 
Keck  & Childs  have  a large  steam 
saw-mill  and  lumber-yard,  and  Wal- 
lace & Briesch  an  extensive  car  manu- 
factory here.  The  village  lies  upon 
the  hillside,  overlooking  the  river,  and 


6i 


contains  four  churches,  some  pleasant 
residences,  and  a population  of  about 
1500, 

After  leaving  this  station  we  cross 
the  Lehigh,  obtaining  a fine  view  up 
and  down  its  current.  Immense  quan- 
tities of  logs  and  rafts  are  seen  floating 
upon  the  surface  of  the  ponds,  formed 
by  two  large  dams  across  this  stream. 
The  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna  Rail- 
way runs  parallel  with  the  Lehigh  Val- 
ley, upon  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river. 

TANNERY. 

Kidder^  Carbon  Co.^  Pa. 

144  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesharre,^2. 

So-called  because  here  is  located 
Holcomb’s  large  tannery.  There  are 
also  extensive  lumber  nooks  at  this 
point,  and  a little  further  on  Gruld’s 
grist-mill. 

HICKORY  RUN. 

Kidder,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 

141  m.fr.  N.Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,Z^. 

The  Hickory  Run  is  a small 
stream  emptying  into  the  Lehigh,  upon 
which  are  a number  of  large  saw-mills. 
We  notice  as  we  pass  down  the  river 
the  remains  of  numerous  dams.  These 
dams  were  erected  by  the  Lehigh  Coal 
and  Navigation  Company  as  feeders 
for  their  canal,  which  was  formerly  in 
operation  as  far  as  White  Haven  ; but 
the  great  freshet  of  1862  swept  away 
very  many  of  these,  and  they  have 
never  been  repaired  further  north  than 
Mauch  Chunk.  The  canal,  however, 
ha-s  been  replaced  by  the  Lehigh  and 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  belonging  to 
the  same  company,  who  have  also  re- 
cently extended  their  railroad  from 
Mauch  Chunk  to  Easton,  making  a 
continuous  road  from  Scranton  via  ^ 


Wilkesbarre  to  Philadelphia  and  New- 
Vork.  The  scenery  in  this  vicinity  is 
wild  and  romantic,  the  river  winding 
its  way  between  high  mountains,  over  a 
pebbly  and  rocky  bed,  skirted  on  each 
side  by  a railway. 

MUD  RUN. 

Kidder,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 

1 39  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  lVilkesbarre,Zl . 

Here  a wild  mountain  stream  enters 
the  Lehigh.  Upon  it  are  several  saw- 
mills. The  picturesqueness  of  the 
scenery  along  the  entire  extent  of  the 
Lehigh  River,  particularly  of  the  por- 
tion above  Mauch  Chunk,  is  unsur- 
passed. 

ROCKPORT. 

Lausanne,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 

136  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,\0. 

This  village  is  upon  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river,  in  a ravine,  and  has 
grown  up  in  connection  with  the  ope- 
rations of  the  Buck  Mountain  Coal 
Company,  whose  mines  are  four  miles 
distant,  at  a place  called  Clifton.  Rock- 
port  is  merely  the  point  where  the 
coal  is  transferred  to  the  railroad  and 
canal -boats  for  the  East.  Further  on 
we  pass  through  some  deep  cuts  in  the 
solid  rock,  so  directly  under  the  shadow 
of  the  mountains  that  we  seem  shut  in 
from  the  rest  of  the  world.  And  for  a 
time  we  are  fully  content  to  be  ; so  for 
the  mountains,  with  their  green  foliage 
and  bold  grandeur,  rising  above  the 
winding  and  beautiful  river,  present  a 
series  of  ever-changing  landscapes  of 
wild  and  romantic  beauty. 

DRAKE’S  CREEK. 

Penn  Forest,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 

1 34  m.  fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre, ^2. 

^ A wild  mountain  brook  here  enters 


the  Lehigh  through  a deep  reft  in  the 
hills.  At  the  station  is  a saw-mill  and 
a few  dwellings. 

STONY  CREEK. 

Penn  Forest^  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 
132  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,^^. 

Here  also  is  another  wild  and  rocky 
ravine,  with  its  mountain  stream  seek- 
ing the  Lehigh.  The  river  here  makes 
an  abrupt  turn  westward. 

PENN  HAVEN  JUNCTION. 

Lausanne,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 

128  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,^^. 

This  is  the  junction  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railway  with  the  Lehigh  and 
Mahanoy  Railway,  which  now  forms  a 
part  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 
having  been  consolidated  with  it. 
Here  also  the  Hazleton  Railroad 
Company  have  a separate  road  to  the 
top  of  the  mountain  opposite,  430  feet 
high,  from  which  the  coal-cars  are  let 
down  by  inclined  planes  on  the  other 
side,  a distance  of  1200  feet,  to  the 
Lehigh  River,  where  the  coal  is  trans- 
ferred to  boats  and  cars  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  These  planes  are  in 
full  view  as  we  approach  and  leave 
Penn  Haven.  Here  also  the  Quakake 
Creek  empties  into  the  Lehigh.  The 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  now  crosses 
to  the  west  side.  Passing  on,  the  wild 
mountains  are  wilder  and  more  pictur- 
esque, and  so  winding  is  the  river 
that,  in  looking  ahead,  no  outlet  for  it 
through  the  mountains  is  visible  or 
seems  possible.  Steep  cliffs  and  rocky 
ramparts  rise  to  towering  heights  above 
us.  Soon  again  we  recross  to  the  east 
side  of  the  Lehigh  by  a fine  iron  bridge, 
in  near  view  of  the  tunnel  of  the  Le- 
high and  Susquehanna  Railroad,  which 


also  crosses  the  river  to  its  west  side. 
A short  distance  below  these  bridges 
are  a number  of  large  coal-shutes, 
where  canal-boats  are  loaded  and  go 
east. 

MAUCH  CHUNK, 

Mauch  Chunk,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa., 
121^.  fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  W ilkesbarre,  55, 
The  capital  of  Carbon  county,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Lehigh,  at  the  mouth 
of  Mauch  Chunk  Creek,  is  situated  in 
one  of  the  most  romantic,  picturesque, 
and  wild  localities  in  the  United  States. 
It  is  built  in  a narrow  ravine  through 
which  the  river  passes,  where  there  is 
but  little  room  for  buildings,  to  say  no- 
thing of  gardens,  surrounded  on  aU 
sides  by  rugged  mountain  spurs,  rising 
precipitously  from  800  to  1000  feet  in 
height.  Its  name  is  an  Indian  one, 
signifying  “ Bear  Mountain.” 

Susquehanna  street,  running  paral- 
lel with  the  river,  and  Race  street, 
joining  it  at  right  angles,  are  the  prin- 
cipal thoroughfares,  upon  which  stand 
a number  of  fine  stores  and  residences, 
3 churches,  and  several  hotels. 

Although  the  coal  and  lumber  trade 
constitutes  the  chief  business  of  Mauch 
Chunk,  it  has  2 foundries  and  machine- 
shops,  2 iron  forges,  a wire  and  wire- 
rope  manufactory,  and  a steam  flour- 
mill. Besides  these,  there  are  the 
machine  and  repair  shops  of  the  Le- 
high Coal  and  Navigation  Company, 
and  the  car  repair  shops  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Company.  These  various  es- 
tablishments, in  connection  with  the 
immense  amount  of  transportation  by 
rail  and  canal  from  this  place,  render 
it  an  active  and  enterprising  borough. 

The  rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal  in 
its  vicinity,  however,  were  the  first 
causes  of  its  growth  and  wealth,  and 


63 


are  still  constantly  contributing  to  in- 
crease its  importance. 

Previous  to  i8i8  this  whole  region 
was  a complete  wilderness.  Although 
it  was  known  that  coal  was  to  be  found 
in  the  mountains  west  from  here,  all 
attempts  to  get  it  to  a market  seemed 
impracticable.  In  1817  Josiah  White 
and  G.  F.  Hanto  made  a reconnois- 
sance  of  the  Lehigh  River,  in  order  to 
ascertain  the  feasibility  of  this  stream 
as  a means  of  coal  transportation. 

The  result  of  this  visit  was  that 
roads  were  constructed  from  the  mines 
to  the  Lehigh,  upon  which  a series  of 
dams  were  built  to  aid  its  navigation. 
This  was  the  origin  of  the  Lehigh 
Coal  and  Navigation  Company,  with 
which  the  early  history  of  Mauch 
Chunk  is  identified.  In  1832  this 
Company  gave  employment  to  nearly 
400  miners,  who,  with  their  families, 
made  a population  of  2000.  After 
passing  through  many  financial  crises, 
and  expending  over  $2,500,000  in  the 
enterprise,  success  crowned  their  ef- 
forts. 

The  celebrity  of  the  Lehigh  coal  is 
very  extensive,  fi-om  the  fact  that  it  is 
the  hardest  anthracite  in  the  world. 
The  bed  upon  the  top  of  Mauch 
Chunk  Mountain,  or  Summit  Hill,  is 
53  feet  in  thickness,  exceeding  in  this 
respect,  also,  any  known  layer  or  vein. 
It  covers  a large  area  extending  south- 
west for  several  miles.  In  many  places 
it  crops  out  from  the  hillsides,  so  as  to 
be  easily  worked.  The  road  by  which 
the  coal  is  brought  down  to  Mauch 
Chunk,  and  the  traveler  carried  up  to 
visit  these  mines  is  called  the 

Switch  Back  Railway. 

Starting  from  the  Mansion  Hmtse'' 
where  stages  leave  3 times  a day  for 


the  Switch  Back,  we  proceed  through 
Susquehanna  and  Race  streets,  up  a 
steep  ascent,  to  an  elevated  plateau, 
upon  which  stands  what  is  called  Up- 
per Mauch  Chunk,  215  feet  above  the 
river,  and  near  the  foot  of  the  great 
plane  on  Mount  Pisgah.  Here  the 
method  by  which  the  cars  ascend 
these  planes  will  attract  attention.  A 
railway  being  constructed  with  unusual 
care  and  strength  up  the  steep  moun- 
tain-side, the  next  thing  to  be  accom- 
plished is  to  construct  a perfectly  safe, 
speedy,  and  easy  arrangement  for 
drawing  cars  up  the  acclivity.  Let 
us  stand  and  watch  the  operation  of 
the  machinery  for  this  purpose,  before 
risking  ourselves  upon  such  an  appa- 
rently hazardous  journey. 

Standing  at  the  depot  at  the  foot  of 
the  plane,  the  conductor  signals  to  the 
engineer  at  the  top,  when  we  first  no- 
tice a singular-looking  vehicle,  called  a 
safety-car,  emerging  from  a covered  pit 
beneath  us,  and  coming  up  in  the  rear 
of,  and  into  contact  with,  the  cars 
which  are  to  be  drawn  to  the  summit. 
The  object  of  lowering  the  safety-car 
into  this  pit  is  that  it  may  be  placed  in 
the  rear  of  the  passenger  cars,  for  it  is 
in  this  that  the  safety  of  the  arrange- 
ment consists.  The  safety-car  is  so- 
called  because  it  has  attached  to  it,  on 
each  side,  ratchets,  which  glide  over 
a set  of  spurs  or  cogs  upon  the  side  of 
the  rails,  and  which,  in  case  of  a break- 
age of  the  hoisting  band,  would  pre- 
vent its  descending  the  plane  by  stop- 
ping it  at  once.  There  are  two  of 
these  safety-cars,  one  of  which  de- 
scends while  the  other  ascends.  At- 
tached to  the  safety-cars  are  2 iron 
bands,  inches  wide  and  3-i6ths  of 
an  inch  thick,  which  wind  about  a 
drum-wheel,  28  feet  in  diameter,  in  tht 


engine-house,  and  pass  over  a set  of 
rollers  along  the  plane.  The  strength 
of  these  bands  alone  sustains  the 
weight  of  the  train.  So  perfect  is  the 
whole  machinery  connected  with  this 
railway  that  during  20  years  not  a 
single  passenger  has  been  injured. 
Let  us,  then,  fear  noc  to  take  a ride 
over  this  unique  railway. 

Seating  ourselves  in  a covered  car, 
about  one-fourth  the  size  of  an  ordinary 
railroad  car,  the  conductor  pulls  the 
signal-wire,  the  safety-car  emerges  from 
the  pit  behind  us,  and  we  commence 
the  ascent.  At  first  a sensation  of 
timidity  will  perhaps  come  over  the 
mind  ; yet  such  thoughts  are  soon  dis- 
pelled in  the  sublimity  of  the  prospect 
that  is  becoming  gradually  spread  out 
before  us.  In  six  or  seven  minutes  we 
are  on  the  summit  of  Mount  Pisgah, 
about  700  feet  higher  than  the  foot  of 
the  plane,  a height  we  have  gained 
in  being  drawn  up  the  distance  of  2340 
feet.  Here  we  are  allowed  five  or  ten 
minutes  to  survey  a scene  which  it  is 
impossible  to  describe. 

From  this  lofty  eyrie  we  see  at  our 
feet  Mauch  Chunk,  nestling  beneath 
the  shadows  of  the  mountains,  with  the 
Lehigh  River  winding  its  way  at  their 
base,  now  between  artificial  barriers  of 
masonry,  and  then  pursuing  its  natural 
course  along  its  rocky  bed,  till  it  is  lost 
to  our  sight  behind  the  mountain  ridges 
whldi  rise,  range  after  range,  about 
us.  Twelve  miles  distant,  toward  the 
south-east,  is  the  Lehigh  Water  Gap, 
the  magnificent  gate  in  the  Blue  Ridge 
which  bounds  the  horizon  on  the 
south,  and  through  which  the  Lehigh 
makes  its  way  into  the  unseen  valleys 
beyond. 

The  pleasing  contrasts  of  light  and 
shadow,  verdant  foliage,  and  rugged 


64 

cliffs,  with  the  silvery  river  flowing 
calmly  between,  is  matchless  in  its 
loveliness  and  wild  grandeur.  No 
language  is  too  extravagant  to  utter  its 
praises  or  to  speak  the  admiration  of 
the  beholder. 

The  railroad  from  Mount  Pisgah  to 
Summit  Hill  was  the  first  railroad 
ever  constructed  in  the  United  States. 

Formerly  what  is  now  the  return 
railway  (not  the  one  we  are  now  on) 
was  a turnpike,  over  which  the  coal 
was  brought  down  to  the  Lehigh  in 
wagons  drawn  by  two  horses.  This 
turnpike,  in  1827,  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Josiah  White,  was  convert- 
ed into  a railway,  on  which  cars  loaded 
with  coal  descended  by  their  own 
gravity  to  the  lauding,  and,  after  being 
emptied,  were  drawn  back  by  mules. 

It  was  the  firm  conviction  of  Mr. 
White,  and  one  which  he  lived  to  see 
realized,  that  these  cars  might  be  made 
to  descend  back  again  to  the  mines  by 
gravitation,  in  the  same  way  that  they 
descended  to  Mauch  Chunk.  Such  a 
unique  contrivance  in  a back  track, 
called  the  switch-back,  he  at  length 
originated,  which  is  regarded  as  a mas- 
terpiece of  bold  and  successful  engi- 
neering, and  was  completed  in  1845. 

The  method  of  its  operation  we  ex- 
plain as  we  proceed.  Mount  Pisgah, 
upon  whose  eastern  end  we  have  as-  ^ 
cended,  is  a portion  of  along  ridge,  ex- 
tending for  many  miles  toward  the 
west,  and  forming  the  southern  boun- 
dary of  the  most  southerly  ctf  the 
great  anthracite  coal  basins.  It  is 
called  Sharp  Mountain  throughout 
almost  its  entire  extent,  on  account 
of  the  sharp  edge  which  its  summit 
usually  presents,  being  generally  made 
up  of  perpendicular  strata  of  bare  rock . 
The  numerous  Appalachian  ridgei 


were  evidently  raised  to  their  present 
position  by  some  force  that  was  conti- 
nental in  its  action  as  well  as  very  reg- 
ular. It  was  a crowding  or  lateral 
force,  tending  to  make  the  strata  take 
up  less  room  horizontally.  Push 
against  the  two  sides  of  a quire  of  pa- 
per or  a magazine  resting  upon  a flat 
surface,  and  we  see  that  it  rises  into 
ridges  ; and  so,  if  we  suppose  the  inte- 
rior of  the  earth  to  have  shrunk  away 
from  its  former  size,  no  matter  how  lit- 
tle, its  crust,  borne  down  by  its  own 
enormous  weight,  will  fit  itself  to  its 
contents,  even  though  by  so  doing  it  is 
obliged  to  create  wrinkles  upon  the 
crust.  These  wrinkles  in  this  region 
are  long  and  continuous,  and  range  a 
little  south  of  west. 

Having  taken  as  good  a view  from 
Mount  Pisgah  as  the  time  will  permit,  of 
the  grand  scenery  it  presents,  including 
some  of  these  parallel  ridges,  we  again 
enter  the  cars  and  begin  to  descend,  by 
the  simple  force  of  gravity,  along  the 
south  slope  of  the  mountain  ridge  to- 
ward the  west,  at  the  rate  of  from  ten 
to  fifteen  miles  an  hour. 

The  scenery  throughoiTt  the  entire 
length  of  this  descent  is  varied  and 
pleasing.  Shady  forest-trees  line  most 
of  the  way,  through  openings  in  which 
we  get  occasional  views  of  the  valley 
below  us  on  the  south.  Six  miles  from 
the  first  inclined  plane  we  come  to  the 
second,  called  Mount  Jefferson,  having 
lost  one  half  of  the  ascent  of  Mount 
Pisgah.  To  the  top  of  this  plane  we 
are  again  drawn  by  a stationary  engine 
in  a manTier  similar  to  our  ascent  of  the 
first  plane,  and,  after  a shorter  second 
descent,  we  reach  Summit  Village,  to 
^ the  north  of  which  lie  the  numerous 
Collieries  of  Panther  Creek. 

^ At  this  village  are  a number  of  stores, 


two  hotels,  a church,  and  some  pleas- 
ant residences.  In  order,  now,  to  make 
the  circuit  of  the  mines  and  return  back 
again  to  Summit,  the  line  of  direction  is 
frequently  changed,  and  is  somewhat 
zigzag  in  its  course,  accommodating  it- 
self to  the  nature  of  the  ground. 

The  contrivance  for  changing  the  di- 
rection of  the  car  at  every  angle  of  this 
zigzag  course  is  called  a switch-back. 
The  car,  by  the  impetus  gained  in  de- 
scending a certain  slope,  moves  a little 
way  up  an  incline  and  comes  to  a stand- 
still. The  car  then  descends  to  the 
foot  of  this  incline,  and  in  so  doing 
gains  an  impetus  for  ascending  anoth- 
er incline,  on  to  which  it  is  moved  by  a 
self-regulating  switch,  and  this  is  what 
is  called  being  switched  back. 

Having  descended  to  the  valley  of 
the  Panther  Creek,  we  come  to  the  vil- 
lage of  CoALDALE,  in  the  midst  of  the 
Lehigh  Coal  Company’s  Mines.  This 
village  contains  a church  and  quite  a 
large  number  of  dwellings,  inhabited 
chiefly  by  miners.  The  coal  here  is 
mined  chiefly  from  the  surface,  as  in  a 
quarry.  Through  some  accident  one  of 
the  collieries  took  fire  several  years 
since,  and  is  still  burning.  Much  la- 
bor and  money  have  been  expended  to 
extinguish  it,  but  with  no  success. 
The  smoke  coming  up  through  the 
ground  can  be  seen  as  we  pass  on  from 
Summit  Hill. 

Having  now  passed  from  the  top  of 
Mount  Pisgah  to  the  valley  between  it 
and  the  Nesquehoning  Mountain 
north  of  it,  we  are  again  drawn  up  two 
inclined  planes,  and  then  descend  back 
to  Mauch  Chunk  on  the  southern  slope 
of  the  ridge,  crossing  the  track  by 
which  we  came  at  about  half  the  dis- 
tance. This  ride,  throughout  its  whole 
extent,  is  exceedingly  pleasant,  con- 


66 


stantly  presenting  a variety  of  novel 
and  romantic  scenery.  It  is  nearly  25 
miles  in  extent,  and  occupies  about 
three  hours. 

Although  this  is  the  crowning  object 
of  interest  to  the  tourist  to  this  locality, 
there  are  other  points  which  are  de- 
serving notice. 

About  three  miles  north  of  Mauch 
Chunk  are  Moer’s  Falls,  on  Moer’s 
Creek,  near  what  is  called  the  “ Turn 
Hole  ” in  the  Lehigh  River.  These 
falls  are  three  in  number,  the  first  or 
lowest  being  40  feet,  the  second  70,  and 
the  third  35  feet  in  height. 

Prospect  Rock,  almost  directly  south 
of  the  “ Mansion  House,"'*  is  a narrow 
and  jutting  cliff,  easily  accessible, 
though  from  200  to  300  feet  above  the 
river.  From  it  the  view  is  superb,  and 
one  which  every  visitor  should  see.  In 
passing  through  the  village  the  hand- 
some residence  of  yudge  Packer  will 
attract  attention.  It  stands  a little  dis- 
tance up  the  mountain-side,  overlook- 
ing the  town  and  river.  The  elegant 
grounds  around  it  were  laid  out  by  a 
Parisian  refugee,  the  head  gardener  of 
Louis  Philippe,  who  has  transformed 
the  rugged  hill  slope  into  a rich  garden, 
with  beautiful  walks  and  terraces. 

The  “ Mansion  House,”  E.  T. 
Booth,  Proprietor,  is  located  directly 
opposite  the  Lehigh  and  Coal  Naviga- 
tion Company’s  Railroad  Station,  and 
also  opposite  the  station  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  upon  the  other  side 
of  the  river,  where  an  omnibus  is  always 
in  waiting  for  the  accommodation  of  tou- 
rists. It  is  a commodious  five-story 
building,  at  the  very  base  of  the  grand 
mountains  which  rise  more  than  800 
feet  above  and  around  it.  The  view 
from  the  veranda  of  this  hotel  is  ex- 
ceedingly fine.  Here  the  Lehigh 


makes  an  abrupt  curve  eastward,  the 
whole  grand  sweep  of  which  is  in  view 
from  the  hotel,  while  its  cool  and  shad- 
ed position  renders  it  a delightful  sum- 
mer resort.  The  Lehigh  Coal  and 
Navigation  Coal  Company  are  the  a 
owners  of  this  hotel,  and  in  its  accom- 
modating furniture  and  appointments 
it  is  not  inferior  to  the  leading  hotels  of 
the  metropolis. 


LEHIGHTON. 

Mahoning,  Carbon  Co. 

117  m.fr.N.Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,  59. 

Just  after  leaving  Mauch  Chunk,  we 
cross  the  Lehigh,  and  our  course  then 
follows  the  west  bank  of  the  riv^r, 
through  a less  wild  region,  passing  out 
of  the  coal  measures  entirely,  through 
a slate  tract. 

Lehighton  is  a small  village,  just 
above  the  junction  of  the  Mahoning 
Creek  with  the  Lehigh.  The  Old  Mo- 
ravian grave-yard,  on  the  hill  north,  is 
an  object  of  considerable  interest,  and 
commands  a fine  view  of  the  Mahoning 
Valley.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill  is 
the  site  of  Gnadenhutten,  where 
twelve  of  the  early  settlers  were  massa- 
cred by  the  Indians  in  1775.  Their 
remains  are  buried  in  the  old  ceme- 
tery. The  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna 
Railroad  here  crosses  the  river. 

Opposite  is  Weissport,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  river.  Originally  this  ' 
whole  section  was  occupied  by  Mora-  ' 
vians.  At  Weissport  is  an  extensive  ' 
Rolling  MUl.  Fort  Allen  Hotel  rests 
upon  the  site  of  old  F or*-  Allen,  which 
was  built  by  Benjamin  Franklin.  This 
neighborhood  was  once  the  scene 
Brainerd’s  missionary  labors  with  the 
Indians.  ^ 


PARRYVILLE. 

Fmnklin^  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 

15  m.fr.N  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,  61. 
Here  are  the  smoking  furnaces  of  the 
ACarbon  Iron  Company,  on  the  other 
^side  of  the  river.  A little  below,  near 
the  Gap,  the  Lawrence  Metallic  Paint 

5 and  Mining  Company  are  erecting  a 
very  large  establishment  for  the  manu- 
fecture  of  their  new  fire-proof  paint, 
which  is  said  to  be  superior  in  many 
respects  to  white  lead.  The  mines 
from  which  the  paint  is  obtained,  pro- 
duce eleven  different  colors,  said  to  be 
equal  in  quality  to  those  that  are  im- 
ported. 

LEHIGH  GAP. 

IV ashington,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa. 

110  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilke sbarre,  66. 

Here  we  pass  over  Lizard  Creek,  up- 
on which  are  several  mills.  At  the  Gap 
^is  a hotel  and  a number  of  dwellings. 
This  creek  opens  a way  for  the  Lehigh 
River  through  Blue  Mountain,  the 
broken  ends  of  which  front  upon  the 
river  as  we  pass  on  for  some  miles. 
The  best  view  of  the  Gap  is  obtained 
from  the  rear  car,  soon  after  passing 
the  station,  through  which,  in  the  dis- 
tance, we  get  a narrow  glimpse  of  the 
Lehigh  Mountains.  Opposite  this 
station  a chain  bridge  crosses  the  river. 

SLATINGTOH. 

Washington,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa. 

108  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilke  sbarre,  68. 
s^OTELS — Slatingion  and  Railroad 
^ Hotel. 


67 

most  extensive  slate  region  in  the  world. 
The  Capitol  at  Washington  has  been 
roofed  with  slate  from  these  quarries, 
half  an  inch  in  thickness.  The  village 
is  a quarter  of  a mile  west  from  the  sta- 
tion, in  a beautiful  locality,  and  has 
usually  quite  a number  of  summer  visit- 
ors. Near  the  depot  is  the  Ameri- 
can School  Slate  and  Mantel  Manufac- 
tory. Some  of  the  slate  quarries  will 
be  seen  on  the  right  of  the  track,  as  we 
leave  the  station. 

ROCKDALE. 

Washington,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa. 

1 04  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre^2k. 

A small  village  in  the  slate  region. 
Here  we  pass  through  a cut  in  a jutting 
cliff  of  slate,  which  furnishes  a good 
idea  of  this  rock  formation.  Acrpss 
the  river  is  a beautiful  and  fertile  roll- 
ing country. 

LAURY^S. 

North  White  Hall,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa.y 
101  m.fr.N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilke  sbarre,  75. 
Has  extensive  slate  quarries  and  a 
planing-mill.  Large  quantities  of  iron 
ore  are  also  mined  in  the  neighborhood, 
for  the  furnaces  along  the  Lehigh. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  there  are  many 
fine  grain  fields  in  this  locality. 

WHITEHALL. 

North  White  Hall,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa. 
99  m.fr.  N.  Y.  Fr.  Wilke  sbarre,  77. 


Is  a pleasant  village,  occupied 
chiefly  by  Welsh,  who  are  employed 
in  the  extensive  quarries  and  manufac- 
tories of  the  Lehigh  Slate  company. 
These  are  the  pioneer  slate  works  of 
Pennsylvania.  This  is  probably  the 


A small  village  of  little  note.  Here 
is  Eckert  & Co’s,  manufactory  of  Hy- 
draulic Cement,  which  is  mined  near 
by,  and  is  of  a superior  quality.  A 
covered  bridge  crosses  the  river  at  this 
place. 


6S 

. „ 1 belonging  to  the  Lehigh  Crane  Cot 

COPLAY . ,hat  one  of  these  fu 

Korth  WhiU  Halt,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa^  out  248  tons  of  tr. 
97  m fr.H.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkeeharre,  79-  ^ a yield  scarcely  equaled 

Here  are  the  large  iron  works  of  the  - ■ -o Itspos.tu 

Leblgh  iron 


Lehigh  Iron  ^ompeiu^r,  - 
railroad  that  one  can  feel  the  heat  o 
their  furnaces  in  passing.  Directly  be- 
low is  a foundry  and  machine-shop. 

HOKENDATJQTJA. 

Soaih  White  Hall,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa^ 
96  m.fr.  H.  Y.  Fr.  Wilkesbarre,  80. 

Is  a pleasant  village  on  the  river- 

bank,  where  are  located  Thomas’s  Iron 

Works,  consisting  of  four  large  furna- 
ces, which  are  among  the  largest  m this 
country.  The  Hokendauqua  Creek 
here  empties  into  the  Lehigh. 

CATASAUaTIA. 

Hanover,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa. 

9 5 m.  fr.  N.  K.  Fr.  Wilkesharre,  8 1 . 

Yio’X'e.ir— Pennsylvania  Hotel. 
Upon  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  is 
a thriving  borough,  with  apopulation  of 
about  4000.  It  contains  a number  of  fine 
churches,  a bank,  several  hote  s,  ttra 
machine-shops,  two  rolling-nulls,  ^ 

works,  and  five  large  blart-fitraacea. 


this  or  any  other  country. 

is  in  the  midst  of  a rich  iron  and  m« 

stone  country,  which,  with  its  raibo^ 

and  canal  communications,  are  high. 

favorable  to  its  future  growth. 

The  Catasauqua  and  hogelsvil 

Railroad,  which  was  built  to  transpo: 

iron  ore  from  the  mines,  here  connec 
viith  the  Lehigh  Valley 
,50,000  tons  of  ore  are  carried  over  th 
,Ld  annually.  The  bridge  for  th 
Railway,  as  well  as  commori  trav 

„Us  the  river  near  the  stabon. 


rUENACE, 

AlUntown,  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa., 
93m./r.N.Y.  Fr.WUkesbarre.H. 

One  mile  from  Allentown  depot,; 
the  northern  part  of  the  town,  c< 
tains  the  Allentown  Furnaces  , 
Rolling-Mills,  for  the  manufacture 
Railroad  Iron. 

ALLENTOWN. 

(StK  Pa^  37.) 


J 

Intcltcthutfew  J! 


No.  161  Broadway,  New  York. 


'4^. 


XT. 

iUTrtiirtSfei’  of  Agencies  • 

OOD  AaBWTS  WAIffTBD- 


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